LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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UNITED STATES OF AMEBIC 



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PRICE, TEN CENTS. 

Published Monthly. By Subscription, $1.20 Per Annum. December. 1P94. 
Entered at the New Yort Post Office as Second-Class Matter. Copyright, 1894, by F. M. Lcpton. 







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phrBnoIogiJ Blade Ea^ij. 

By JAMES COATES Ph. D., F.A.S., 
(^Member of the British Phrenological Association^ JEJtc.^ 



PREFACE. 



However well-started in life a man 
may be, he must to a certain extent be 
self-made. He must feel the innate 
aspiration of using the talents be- 
stowed upon him. 

Original capabilities are certainly 
bestowed by nature, yet, however 
great, they produce very little unless 
carefully cultivated. Nature bestows 
on all of us four-fold more talent than 
we develop by culture ; bestows a vast 
amount of mentality which lies dormant 
for want of a true system of self-edu- 
cation ; one founded on the science of 
mind. Phrenology brings us to under- 
stand the individual function of all the 
faculties, and by it to put them into 
appropriate language and action. It 
shows to each who would know how 
to strengthen his talents, how to pro- 
ceed ; and to those with poor opportu- 
nities how to outstrip the wealthy 
educated classes, who have had every 
advantage. It also tells those who 
have already acquired a profession, 
how to sharpen their attainments and 
perfect their intellectual possii)ilities. 

The interesting volume before us 
embraces a series of lectures on the 
practical side of phrenology. Hints 



to the student of mental science, which 
are included in " Applied Phren- 
ology," regarding various classes of 
heads. The Second Lecture deals with 
the important subject of " Measure- 
ments." From the " Size " of heads 
the writer verj^ suitably passes to the 
" Form " of heads, and what the stu- 
dent is to learn therefrom. " Health " 
forms also a valuable chapter to the 
book, as also pathological researches. 
As we come to the Fourth Lecture we 
are drawn into the " Consultation 
Room," and are given a digest of what 
the latter should be ; and, lastly, the 
writer has explained many of the 
queries which have come before his 
notice as a practical phrenologist. 

We predict for the book a wide sale 
and no small amount of benefit to the 
searcher of practical science. 

L. N. Fowler. 



APPLIED PHRENOLOGY.— 
OPENING LECTURE. 

It has been recognized that one of 
the most serious difficulties the stu- 
dent of i)hrenology meets in the course 
of his reading and investigation is the 
lack of information afforded by his 
text books or by his favqrite authors 
on " Applied Phrenology." He is 



PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 



yourself with knowing man, than of 
setting yourself up to dictate what he 
should be ; for he will be materialist- 
ically, spiritually, morally, or other- 
wise inclined, in spite of you. Ac- 
cording to his organization and phren- 
ological development so shall he be. 

Avoid scanning the skies of your 
subject, assuming pedantic airs when 
you should walk with more humble 
assurance among your fellows. Study 
heads and faces. Never assume more 
than your knowledge of Human Na- 
ture through your phrenology war- 
rants. Keep the cui bono of your sci- 
ence and the art of its application ever 
before you, and thu-s render phrenol- 
og}^ doubly valuable to yourself — in 
the reading of character, and the les- 
sons you derive therefrom — and to 
others, while estimating theirs. You 
will thus lead and advise them to what- 
ever practical good is to be obtained 
by submitting themselves to your ex- 
amination. When you examine a 
head, if possible, never state a doubt- 
ful opinion, or should you at any time 
do so, give your reasons to the person 
examined. Most people will appreci- 
ate your candor. 

The eyes of the world, i.e., those 
who read your books, listen to your 
lectures, consult you for advice, your 
assistants, servants, wife, and children, 
all your world, will be upon you, ever 
ready to test the soundness of your 
views, the value of your examinations 
by their approximation to the truth, 
and their general practicability. Your 
mistakes (as a professional phrenolo- 
gist) will be looked upon as proof pos- 
itive of the insufticieney of phrenology 



to accomplish that which as a science 
it claims to be able to achieve, viz., 
that phrenology is not only the science 
of the mind — mental science, par ex- 
cellence — but its methods are the best 
for discerning or reading character. 

When setting yourself the task of 
delineating character, remember you 
are human, liable to err in your appli- 
cation of phrenological data, through 
your own impressionability. As on 
the ocean unknown currents — or cur- 
rents known, for whose influence suf- 
ficient reckoning has not been made — 
have shipwrecked many a noble vessel, 
so have dominating personal influ- 
ences, such as positive, magnetic na- 
tures, consciously or otherwise, af- 
fected the judgment of some phrenolo- 
gists as to lead them to depart from 
the observance of the sure charts of 
this science, to make grave shipwreck 
of their hopes in their earlier voyages 
of phrenological discovery. To re- 
duce the liability of error to a mini- 
mum, eliminate as much as possible 
all feelings of personal likes and dis- 
likes (of the " Doctor Fell " order) to 
the person examined. Friends and 
critics, etc., are most likely those whom 
you may be called upon to examine 
first; with them and all others take 
the platform of benevolent neutrality. 
Remember none are so bad as they are 
painted, and none so good as they 
should be. Act as an entirely neutral 
party. Albeit, consulted profession- 
ally, express your opinions honestly, 
according to your legal phrenological 
attainments, without flattery, fear, or 
favor. The formation of such a man- 
ner, — strict faithfulness to the princi» 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



pies of the science : truthfulness in 
the expression of yonv opinions, de- 
scription of character, nature of your 
advice, what not — adopted so early in 
your career, will be invaluable, and in 
the course of time will give you a 
name respected and honored, worthy 
of the science you love, and of which 
you now seek to be a professional ex- 
ponent. 

Your delineations of character may 
be given in this order. Tell the per- 
sons examined, 1st, What they are, 
what they are not ; 2nd, what they 
should be, what they ought to have 
been and were not ; 3rd, what they 
can do and do not ; 4th, what they 
have done, and do, and should not ; 
5th, what they will be able to do if 
they make the requisite effort ; 6th, 
what they should cultivate and re- 
strain. In a word, what they are and 
what they should be. 

In your examinations, never hesi- 
tate to say what phrenology says, or 
what you think it says. Absolute 
certainty can only be attained by 
years of experience in practical phre- 
nology. By absolute I mean as abso- 
lute as any certainty of variable quan- 
tities can be in this world. Be care- 
ful and even painstaking in your ex- 
aminations before giving expression to 
your opinions, no matter how intuitive, 
however almost sure. Never jump to 
conclusions, or say ought you believe 
your examination has not justified. 
When not sure, do not consider it an 
clement of weakness to carefully re-ex- 
amine the head, as necessary either to 
sulistantiate your views or to correct 
them ; and finally, never allow the 



looks or hints of friends, onlookers, or 
of the person examined, to influence 
you. 

You must interpret the character by 
the phrenology of the individual, and 
by no other method, however easy, 
gratifying, and apparently sure. Phil- 
osophically and practically, there is 
no safety outside of phrenology. It 
is the true science of mind, " every 
other system is defective in enumerat- 
ing, classifying and telling the rela- 
tions of the faculties. It undertakes 
to accomplish for man what philosophy 
performs for the external world. It 
claims to disclose the real state of 
things." It reveals man to himself. 
The student of mental science, as dem- 
onstrated by phrenology, cannot be 
ignorant of himself. This knowledge 
increases his responsibility, enlarges 
the area of his usefulness, and en- 
hances his conception of the nobility 
of manhood. In and by it, he sees hu- 
man nature as it is, glories in its great- 
ness and trembles for its weaknesses. 
This self-knowledge is the sum of all 
knowledge. It is to know self, to know 
man, the epitome of the Universe. 
Phrenology has been claimed as the 
hand-maid of Christianity, the key to 
the Bible and Human Nature. I do 
not think that the claim is an exag- 
gerated or excessive one. 

As phrenologists (students of self 
or of your fellow-men) you have em« 
barked on a noble mission and career. 
Your reward may not be in the ap. 
plause of man, in the coin of the realm, 
in j)()sition, dignities, or c^ratified ani' 
bition. Its professorshii)s may not b<' 
attached to our seats of learuin* 



rHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



Nevertheless your study is a fascinat- 
ing one ; its rewards are more genuine, 
more lasting, than those of the world. 
If j'ou are enabled by your profession" 
to make the mechanic the better man, 
the man the better mechanic, and all 
with yourself more noble and true, 
your mission to others and your work 
for yourself will not have been in vain. 
You will be rewarded in your very dif- 
ficulties and struggles, for they shall 
be like the blows of the blacksmith on 
the tj'res of the wheel, each blow per- 
fecting its construction ; so will every 
difficulty fit you for your true work. 

To resume: In going through life 
use your eyes. Phrenology is essen- 
tially a science of observation ; observ- 
ation must perfect it, observation alone 
can detect where its methods or modes 
of application are faulty. While us- 
ing your eyes, bring into play all the 
faculties represented by the organs of 
the anterior and coronal brain. Per- 
ception, to take cognizance pf external 
things, such as the ph3^siology, form? 
configuration, coarseness or fineness, 
quantity and quality of the -or- 
ganization. The knowing faculties, 
to recall the facts observed, configura- 
tions and illustration, principles of 
phrenology studied and their applica- 
tion to the facts observed, comparison 
and induction, to give a reason for the 
hope that is within you, the why and 
wherefore of your conclusions, based 
on what you have observed. Intuition,, 
and your spiritual or moral nature, to 
aid you in penetrating below the sur- 
face of 3'our observed facts, for re- 
member, you are dealing, not with 
sticks and stones, nor merely with 



flesh and bones, but with sentient be- 
ings lilie 3'^ourself, whom you are en- 
deavoring to know something about, 
to penetrate, to read by the outward 
and visible signs of their inward spir- 
itual grace, such as temperament and 
quality of organization, form of body, 
contour of brain, as represented by 
the phj^siology, shape of head, facial 
form and expression. You will seek 
to ascertain by these signs whether 
they are living or merely assisting in 
their propensities, or in their propen- 
sities and intellectual faculties, in their 
moral and intellectual faculties ; or in 
what way their real life jor soul mani- 
fests itself. You will proceed with 
your investigations, by observation 
and reflection, until no fact, no partic- 
ular, escapes notice, or is considered 
too small to be recognized as a physi- 
cal factor, determining and demonstra- 
ting character. 

In shop, market, church, religious 
and political assembly, in friend or 
servant, ever be on the outlook for 
phrenological information. Pay spe- 
cial attention to the eccentric, peculiar, 
loud voiced, to whisperers, to the pre- 
tentious, affected, to the celebrated and 
notorious who may fall within the 
range of your vision. Keenly observe 
every move or manner, and as far as 
3"0U can, without personal manipula- 
tion, but by observation merely, en- 
deavor to ascertain how far such and 
such characteristics arc made appar- 
ent in the craniolog3^ of those observed, 
not omitting to notice such modif3ing 
influences as health, temperament, or 
quality. Again, caroftiUv notice the 
habits and mannerisms of children, if 



i'JiUK:sOLOUl' JIADK EAiSY. 



possible when unobserved by them ; 
or when doting mothers are enlarging 
on the muumerable qualities of their 
beloved offspring, carefully scrutinize 
the formation of the heads of these lit- 
tle ones, and then draw your own 
mental conclusions. By no means 
neglect in your investigations the con- 
duct and mannerisms of so-called or- 
dinary folk, of whom the world — our 
world — is i^rincipally made up ; and 
finally, take special note of the es- 
teemed, and the vicious and crim- 
inal. Having acted upon the pre- 
ceding hints, and trained your facul- 
ties of observation and powers of de- 
duction as much as possible, then com- 
mence to train your fingers to aid 
your eyesight and judgment, by ex- 
amining all the heads you can get to 
examine. Do not hurry in your ex- 
aminations, and whenever you come 
in contact with developments similar 
to those, or approximating those you 
have observed or read about, and may 
have seen illustrated, see to it how far 
similar characteristics of craniology 
are borne out by similar characteristics 
of manner and habit, and in what de- 
gree. In this way you will cultivate 
what might be termed the physiog- 
nomy of phrenology, and in time, from 
form of face predicate form of head, 
and vice vt^rm^ and from either the 
character. Avail yourself of every 
method of arriving at character, but 
princii)ally rely upon what we esteem 
pure phrenological methods. 

" To read character correctly, it is 
absolutely necessary to take into con- 
sideration, not only the organs ol" the 
brain, their size, function, and combin- 



ation, but the stock, health, tempera- 
ment, educiiUon, and culture of the in- 
dividual as well. In a word quality 
as well as quantit}'." In the foregoing 
you have the essence of practical 
phrenology. If you desire to be a suc- 
cessful reader of character, 3'ou must 
aim to convert theory into practice. 
No hard and fast rules can be laid 
down. As a practitioner, 3'ou must 
adopt those methods 3'ou find by prac- 
tice and experience to be the best ; 
but to aid 3'ou, I will indicate those 
methods which I have found to be 
most useful. 

As an examiner, in practice, it is 
not only necessary to " know what 
you know," but to be able to " say 
what 3'ou know " in the most direct 
manner, not only in such a way as to 
be pleasing and satisfactory to your- 
self, but also to be thoroughly under- 
stood and appreciated by the person 
examined. It must therefore be ex- 
pressed according to the ability, intel- 
ligence, receptivity, and character of 
your client. This is most important 
in the delineation of character. By 
it, or by the want of it, the tyro in 
phrenology, the glib utteror of phreno- 
logical i)hrases, will be detected and 
distinguished from the true phrenol- 
ogist. 

Having carefully examined the head, 
and taken special note of those other 
oonditions of quality, etc., it is now 
necessary to express 3'our views ; but 
in doing so, I do not think it advisable 
to inform your i)atron that such and 
such an organ is large, or that it is 
small, according to the usual formula, 
viz: " bciit'volence is very large, there- 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



fore," etc., *' amativeness is large, 
therefore," etc., "self-esteem is small, 
therefore," etc. This is the method of 
beginners. Whatever conclusion as to 
character a phrenologist comes to, 
from seeing *' benevolence very large," 
" amativeness large," and " self-esteem 
small," the mental process by which 
he arrives at the sum total of charac- 
ter need not be expressed. The stat- 
ing that such and such an organ is 
large, and another small, may be 
pleasing to the young examiner, and 
gratifying to the person examined, but 
it is of no practical value. Moreover 
it is misleading to the person exam- 
ined, meaning anything or nothing, 
and, like the utterances of ancient 
oracles, susceptible of double interpre- 
tations. For instance it is well known 
that a man may have " large benevo- 
lence " and not be benevolent. It is 
therefore misleading to say to a per- 
son, " Sir, I find you have large 
benevolence," when in all probability 
his benevolence may be but the ap- 
pendage of his vanity, the outcome of 
his desire, to acquire for himself a 
good name, praise, position; or his 
benevolence may be but a safety 
valve to his selfishness and love of 
ease. He gives because " he hates to 
be bothered," " can't stand a row," or 
" woman's tears." " He has no time 
for investigation : better give them 
something and let them go ; " and last 
though not least, " anything for peace 
sake," and so on. Upon such hollow- 
ness and a little cash he poses as a 
philanthropist — a benevolent man. In 
Fact character cannot be predicated 
on the existence of a single organ 



unless indeed its predominance over- 
shadow the whole. A man of large 
" self-esteem " may not be proud, but 
with " secretiveness " reserved, with 
" conscientiousness " and the appro- 
priate support of the intellectual 
organs, dignified and just. 

A phrenologist should of all persons 
be clear, definite, and just, neither 
mercilessly critical as some are, who 
think it is their duty to be everlast- 
ingly fault-finding, or fulsome and 
" buttery," as others are, *' who are 
afraid to hurt feelings," and " who de- 
sire to make the most of a person's 
qualities, to encourage them," at the 
same time abstaining from fully stat- 
ing their failings, lest they should lose 
their support and patronage, or that of 
their friends. Nor should the phren- 
ologist be a mere numerical " bump- 
feeler," one who takes a numerical and 
alphabetical round of the organs in 
order that he may oracularly inform 
his client of his knowledge of their lo- 
cation and size. All such methods 
should be avoided by the phrenological 
aspirant as unworthy of a science 
which more than any other speaks with 
certain sound as the guide of man and 
the interpreter of his nature. 

In examining, keep the relative size, 
largeness, fullness, smallness, etc., of 
the various organs and their groups in 
3^our mind, mentally combining or bal- 
ancing the same to the best of your 
ability. Then give the result of your 
reflections in simple English to your 
visitor. You can point out whether 
they are imaginative, inventive, exec- 
utive, logical, argumentative, affection- 
ate, respectful, truthful, ambitious, 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



courageous, moral or immoral, sly, 
economical, musical, or mathematical, 
possessing a good memory or not, 
where most active, or most lacking. 
All this can be expressed in a straight- 
forward, courteous, telling, earnest 
wa}', and will do more for phrenology, 
for yourself, and the person examined, 
than by the other method referred to. 
AVhy ? You speak to the comprehen- 
sion of the individual, to his or her 
knowledge of themselves, and to the 
reason — understanding — by facts, com- 
imrison, and illustrations, etc. Hav- 
ing gained the intellectual assent and 
confidence of the person by this mode 
of procedure, they will be all the more 
ready to benefit themselves by such 
advice as you have tendered and have 
deemed most suitable for them. 

So much for reading character ; but 
your reading will not be complete un- 
less you give good advice therewith, 
according to the circumstances arising 
for its necessit}^ The simplest and 
most direct wa}' to give advice, would 
be, 1st : To refer to health as affected 
by temperamental conditions and char- 
acter, or character as affected b}^ tem- 
peramental conditions and health. 
What conditions or course of habit 
will be most conducive to beneficial re- 
sults, health, vigor, stamina, etc. 
Bearing in mind " that tone of mind 
is dependent upon vigor of organiza- 
tion.'* Whatever improves or deteri- 
orates the latter, must be beneficial or 
l)rejudicial to the former. Then refer- 
ence can be made to those organs (by 
name, now, if you like) whose actions 
are excessive, or comparatively inef- 
fectual. Commence at the domestic 



instincts or faculties, and work along 
the base of the brain, upwards, side- 
ways, and forward on the head, mak- 
ing mention of the organs upon which 
3'ou wish to call special attention. 
Thus, you might have to say, " Self- 
esteem is not so full as it might be t< 
your advantage ; endeavor to bear tlii.s 
in mind and place a higher estimate on 
yourself .. . . endeavor, etc,'' or 
proceed to dwell on the importance of 
self-esteem as a sentiment, its value in 
giving dignity, resolution, quiet force, 
and decision to character, etc. 

Again, " Approbativeness is an ac- 
tive and leading organ in your head. 
Your comparative want of " self- 
esteem " is unfortunate. You are am- 
bitious, desire to be made much of, 
(praised, flattered, petted). You are 
too much influenced by censure or 
praise. You want quiet force and de- 
cision, etc." You may show where 
" approbativeness " is liable to perver- 
sion ; *' the danger arising from undue \ 
sensitiveness ; love of attention," etc., 
when such remarks are necessary, and 
so on, with such combinations as may 
demand some words of warning and 
guidance. For example, moderate 
"self-esteem," large " approbative- 
ness," "cautiousness," " secretiveness," 
large " firmness," average " conscien- 
tiousness," and large "acquisitive- 
ness," are not at all improbable combi- 
nations. A thousand other combina- 
tions of more intricate character will 
arrest your attention as 3'ou grow more 
observant and more experienced, and 
will demand solution at your hands. 

In this way by calling attention to 
the organs and their location, you can 



10 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



point out, what to cultivate, and what 
to restrain and how, in the most direct 
and advantageous manner. When giv- 
ing your concluding advice you may 
with mutual benefit mention certain 
l)ooks, (which 3'ou may introduce) as 
suited for the instruction and well- 
being of the person examined. Some- 
times there may be habits of such a 
character, that your delicacy, position, 
or that of the person examined, or the 
presence of other persons at the exam- 
ination, may make it difficult for you 
to sa}' an3^thing in a pointed or judi- 
cious way to the patient.* The difii- 
culty may be solved by strongly ad- 
vising your client to read such and 
such a book. It matters little whether 
the work is on phrenology, tobacco, or 
matrimon5', as long as the subject mat- 
ter of the books recommended, either 
gives the advice you want to give, or 
adequately supports the advice you 
have already given. 

Be faithful, never flatter, never 
speak simply to please yourself or 
gratify the vanity of your visitor. 
Never give foolish advice, " be sober- 
minded " and diligent in business. Do 
not expect of men and women other 
than their organization and brain de- 
velopment seem to indicate. At the 
same time do all you can to foster 
and encourage the good, the noble and 
true in all who come under your hands, 
by dwelling on future development in 
intelligence, morals, or character, busi- 
ness or professional success possible to 
each, through the cultivation or re- 



* It is important as the plirenologist acquires 
the ability to sive Hyji;enlc advice, that he should 
do so, and in the delineation of character to ojiiit 
uotliing vvhicli should be spoken about. 



straint of certain faculties, etc. Do 
not allow yourself to be misled by 
false or pretentious mannerisms but 
trace these characteristics at once to 
their seat in the brain, and account 
or allow for their influence at true 
value. 

Other suggestions may be given 
here in^ passing. Always be self-pos- 
sessed, collected, speak in the name of 
phrenology, eliminate the personal, 
and remember you are standing on a 
neutral platform. Be free and smooth 
of speech, adopt an illustrative, rather 
than an argumentative st3de of matter 
and manner in address. For one per- 
son who can appreciate a logical dis- 
quisition, ten thousand can appreciate 
the beauty of an illustration. Your 
work is to educate the masses, to lead 
them from what they think they 
know, to what you know of them , of 
human nature and its possibilities, at 
least from your standpoint. For plain- 
ness and directness of speech, sound 
English, you have in John Bright or 
C. H. Spurgeon most notable examples : 
what one has achieved in politics and 
the other in theolog}", j^ou ma}^ honor- 
ably strive to do for phrenology. 

As a public speaker, don't read 
papers (although writing makes an 
exact man). Study your subject well, 
make use of headings or notes if you 
will (use as few quotations as possible, 
and when you do let them be accurate). 
Deliver yourself in homely, simple, 
and ever^^day language. Speak to the 
people, not at them. Don't go out of 
your way to pulverize your opponents. 
State your truths and illustrate your 
facts, and when you can, avoid technic- 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EA^Y. 



11 



alities. If compelled to employ them, 
without apology to 3'our audience or 
making use of the pedantic " that is," 
explain what you mean briefly and 
clearly. 

The style of address used in the con- 
sulting room should be continued on 
the platform. Before commencing to 
lecture it is advisable to be well pro- 
vided with diagrams, busts, and por- 
traits of well-known persons, celebrated 
or notorious, and a good phrenological 
set illustrative of the temperaments 
and the organs. You can then lecture 
to the eye as well as to the ear. You 
will thus double 3'our audience and se- 
cure four-fold attention. As to matter 
of lecture, just seek to drive home 
phrenological facts in their varied ap- 
plications ; and last, though not least, 
aim to secure professional patronage. 
If you succeed in the first, you are 
most likely to succeed in the latter. 
A man may be a good lecturer and an 
indifferent examiner. In this latter 
department you must aim at being as 
perfect as possible. It is here you 
must make your reputation as a 
practical man. " A real helper to your 
fellows." Of course the more actual 
knowledge you possess of life, close 
contact with your fellows, habits, inter- 
ests, and of trades, professions, the 
better you will thereby ])e fitted for 
3^ our work. 

Now as a further preliminary to 
practical work giind yourself well on 
the general principles of phrenology as 
set forth in the books you have read. 
Seek less to harmonize the diirereiices 
between authorities (which are trilling 
indeed considering the recent growth 



of the science) than by personal inves- 
tigation to satisfy your mind of the 
truth of these principles. Also be care- 
ful to extend your reading as oppor- 
tunity ma}' afford. 

First. — Make j-ourself proficient in 
the location of the organs and their 
groups, on the living head (always 
bearing in mind that the faculties of 
the mind related to each other are rep- 
resented by organs grouped together 
in the brain) so as to be able to point 
out unerring!}^ the location of any 
organ at a moment's notice. 

Second. — So as to be able to ap- 
proximate to the exact size without 
the use of tape, accustom your ej^e 
to take measurements. If j'^ou were an 
artist, 3'ou would not take out "a two- 
foot rule," or tape line, to take the 
dimensions of a lad^^'s nose before you 
painted her portrait. Neither should 
3'ou require to do so in order to paint 
her mental portrait. While thus 
training the eye, there are some meas- 
urements which you might take to ad- 
vantage, such as, 1st : The circum- 
ference measurement. Pass tape round 
the head over " individuality " " de- 
structivencss," and " parental love." 
2nd : The coronal height of head. 
Take your measurement from tlie 
lower side of the orifice of the ear {n) 
— meatus audilus — to the correspond- 
ing point on the other side of the head, 
over (/) " firmness." Measure from 
the lower side of the root of the nose 
(/>) to the lower side of the occipital 
spine (c), over individuality, eventu- 
ality, firmness and j^arental love. 
These three measurements will give 
you a fairly adequate idea of the 



12 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



volume of the brain. Additional 
measurements can be taken such as 
anteriorly, from ear to ear, over indi- 
viduality, to get the length or volume 

1. — Moral and Intellectual Type 
OP Head. 




Professor Drummond. 

(Author of " Natural Law in the 
Spiritual World:') 

of perceptive brain, inferior anterior 
lobes, and from ear to ear, over 
causality, for the length or volume of 
reflective brain, superior anterior lobes. 
These measurements will be referred to 
in my next lecture. 

* In taking the frontal measurement over In- 
dividuality, 13 to 14 inches represents anterior 
lobes of great power, lesser measurements in 
lesser proportion, 12J4 inches, a good head, 12 full, 
11 average, 10 or 9, etc., cabbies, ostlers, servants, 
and the non-governing groups of humanity. 



The average size of the head of an 
adult male (British) is 22 inches in 
circumference, with length and coronal 
height about 14^'', as in measurements 
1, a/a and bfc. This size I would 
mark on register, 4 or average ; 22^ 
inches with corresponding length and 
height, I should mark 5 or full ; 23^ 6 
or large ; 23 j or 24, 7 or very large ; 
21, 3 or moderate; 20 inches, 2 or 
small. For an inch less in circumfer- 
ence, with corresponding measurement 
in length and height, I would give the 
same mark to the female head. There 
is in practice a difficulty here, as much 
will depend upon what register or 
chart you mark, how far full, large or 
small, may represent the state of 

II. — Well-Balanced Type op Head. 




President Payne, of Nashville Uni« 
versity. 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



13 



-things in reality. In this you must be 
guided by observation and your innate 
common-sense. It is advisable, when- 
ever you can, to either give a full ver- 
bal delineation of character, or a care- 
full}' written one. In either case you 
will be in the best position to state 
what you think. Charts, registers, 
however carefully marked, are, to third 
parties who were not present at the 
examination, misleading. 

As a phrenologist, you will take into 
account all the influences as repre- 
sented by health, temperament, and 
organic quality. Physiognomy, hab- 
its, mannerism, and what not, are not 
absolutely necessary' , but form useful 
auxiliaries in estimating character. 
Nevertheless, the size of the brain and 
its form, as a whole, is the rock upon 
which you must take your stand. 

Size and form of the head as a 
whole, and size and form of the head 
in parts, may be estimated thus : Take 
a side view of the head, and you may 
divide that view into three parts or 
hypothetical regions thus : 1. As the 
region of the moral and aspiring facul- 
ties — as that part of the head above 
an imaginary line drawn from the up- 
per part of (com)parison to the upper 
part of continuity, ^ or | of an inch 
from the apex of the occipital bone o 
a. 2. As the region of intellect — that 
anterior part of the head in front of a 
line drawn down from " cautiousness " 
to " alimentiveness." 3. The region 
of the domestic or social, and self-pro- 
tective instincts in that posterior and 
basilier portion of the head, not in- 
cluded in regions 1 and 2. View these 
regions again from the back, front, and 



top of the head, so as to form a fair 
estimate of their size or volume. Now 
having an insight into a man's tem- 
perament, health, activity, excitability, 
quality of organization, with a careful 
note of the size and form of the brain 
as a whole, and the form, or predomi- 
nance of anyone of these parts, etc., 
you have at once the ability to grasp 
the bias and the leading traits of your 
patron's character. Facility, in esti- 
mating details in character, will come 
to you as you acquire power to still 
further analyze these regions into their 
more minute sub-divisions. 



APPLIED PHRENOLOGY—SEC- 
OND LECTURE. 

In my last lecture I desired to im- 
press upon you that size (and form) 
of the brain is the rock upon which 
you must take your stand. In this I 
shall treat the subject more fully. All 
truly great men have great or large 
heads, but all men having great or 
large heads are not great men. Here 
you have in a nutshell a practical il- 
lustration of what we mean by quan- 
tity and quality. In the first class of 
heads, represented by trul}- great men 
you have not only volume, weight, or 
quantity of brain, but you have fine- 
ness of texture or quality as well. In 
the latter class, you have the quantity 
minus the quality. In practice you 
will find every type of head between 
these indicated. But in no instance 
will you find ought to mitigate or un- 
dermine the essential principle of 
phrenology, as indicated throughout 
nature, viz., " Size, other things being 



14 



rURENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



equal, is the measure of power." Con- 
sequently phrenologists are able to 
tell from the size of an organ, its 
power of manifestation ; and from the 
energy of its manifestation, its rela- 
tive size. 

I cannot impress this too strongly 
upon you that size is one of the most 
important factors in estimating ihental 
ability, disposition, or character. You 
will never find intellectual meiij whose 
heads measure less than 21 inches in 



circumference, and less than 



lOA- 



inches from ear to ear, over individu- 
ality, even with fineness in quality. 
You may find smartness, memory for 
words, capacity for " cribbing " and 
the diluting of other men's ideas, con- 
siderable dexterity, manipulative 
power, and eveil artistic and musical 
tastes, but no originality, and certainly 
no strength of intellect, with such a 
brain. 22 inches is a good average 
size measurement for an adult male 
head, 22 J inches for the North Ameri- 
can, Canadian, German, and Anglo- 
Celtic, and Anglo-Saxon head. You 
will find that the inhabitants of colder 
countries have heavier brains and 
larger heads (due allowance being 
made for fat and integuments, which 
are generally fuller and heavier in 
these heads than those belonging to 
people of more Southern latitudes). 

In these regions the struggle for ex- 
istence is not so great ; therefore in- 
ventiveness, constructiveness, exiecu- 
tiveness, and the offensive, defensive, 
and sustaining faculties of the mind 
are not so much called forth iii that 
struggle. Jhc Scotchman, who con- 
tends with mists, a humid atmosphere, 



a low temperature, and an unkindly 
soil for sustenance, will have a sturdier 
ph3^siqiie and larger brain than his 
Erse and neighbor and kinsman in 
Ireland. The French peasant and 
Italian lazaroni will haVe smaller 
heads than their compeers in Great 
Britain and Ireland, or their descend- 
ants in North America, or the Inhab- 
itants of Northern Europe, the Ger- 
mans, Fins and Russians. It is also 
worthy of note, persons descended 
from and those who have habituated 
themselves to out-door pursuits, have 
on average larger brains than those 
who have been accustomed to seden- 
tary and mental pursuits. 

As already stated, 22 inches is a 
good average size, with 11^ inches 
from ear to ear over individualit}' for 
an adult man. Yigor and stamina of 
brain increase, with weight and size, 
up to 24 and 24^^ inches in circumfer- 
ence measurements. If there is great 
fineness of organization, or even ex- 
cessive mental development, at this 
size or over, there is a suspicion of dis- 
ease, which you should be on your 
alert to detect. The brain of an idiot 
may be perfectly healthy, but will be 
found eitlier defective in form, poor, or 
coarse in quality, whether large or 
small in quantity. In the majbr num- 
ber of cases it will be found defective 
in form, coarse in grain, and deficient 
in quantity. In the majority of cases 
idiocy absolutely arises from want of 
brains. With 18 inches circumference 
measurement and under, with the brain 
correspondingly small, and massed 
principally in tlie base and occiput, no 
matter how fiiic the organization, good 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



the quality, or healthy the brain, you 
may again become suspicious of inca- 
})acity and want of power, if not for 
positive imbecilit}', you will certainly 
be justified in looking for it. 

These measurements, with an inch 
to half-an-inch less, will apply equally 
U) the female brain. It is not true 
tliat the female brain attains its max- 
imum size and weight at 11 years, and 
the male brain at 14 years of age, as 
stated by some physiologists. The 
brain develops rapidly in childhood, 
and inci-eases gradually to manhood. 
During adult age, visible increase of 
brain has been detected up till 40 
3'ears of age. The head of a boy at 
bii-th in this country averages about 
12 inches, at six months it is 15 
inches, at twelve months 1 7 inches, 
and then makes slow progress up till 
27 years of age. During this time the 
form of the brain alters, as well as be- 
comes enlarged in volume. There is 
an increased development of the per- 
ceptives, knowing, reflective, moral, 
and semi-refining faculties, as sug- 
gested ill the accompan3'ing outline, 
fig. iii. Here you see at a glance the 
importance of size — size marking that 
differeuce in volume and form, and in 
contour which distinguishes at once 
tlie perfected male head from the im- 
mature one of childhood. The size of 
the brain, other things being equal, is 
the measure of its power — that is, 
claiming notliing more for phrenology 
than to say, the larger a piece of iron 
or wood, the greater its ri-lalive 
strength compared with smnllor pieces 
of iron and wood of the sniue niality. 

If a bar of iron was teu tiuicB as 



III. — Ixi ANT 



TO Adult Types of 
Heads. 




Exhibiting change of size and form with corres- 
jxoiKliHg braiu developnieats. 

strong as a log of wood ten times the 
size of the iron, such a fact would not 
alter this proposition ; or that a log 
of oak, only half the size of a log of 
pine, should prove to have twice the 
durability and strength than that pos- 
sessed by the pine, should not surprise 
3'ou any more than some men, like 
Gambetta, with 40.9-oz. brain, should 
lord it over French boors, with coarse 
50-oz. brains, or dandies for that mat- 
ter, with small and uncultured fine 
brains. It is true the oak and pine 
are both wood ; but it is tlie texture or 
quality of the wood peculiar to each 
which makes the essential difterenc^. 
A little man may be stronger than a big 
man ; or, what is more likely, a little 
woman may be more lively and spirited 
than a birr woman : that does not afiect 
our iundamental principle. The con- 
ditions are not equal. In this phren- 
ology does nothing more than to place 
nuin and his l)rain under the universal 



16 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



law of size. The objections brought 
by opponents to phrenology under this 
head, or about their own heads, are 
peurile in the extreme ; too frequently 
the objectors draw upon their imagina- 
tion for their facts, or assume for 
phrenologj'^ what has never been 
claimed for it by phrenologists. Some 
objectors would have us believe with 
Esquirol, and maintain that no size or 
form of head or brain is indicative of 
idioc}^ or talent ; but, as a matter of 
observation, small heads (if any) in- 
dicate the greatest talent and force of 
character. Illiterate bricklayers and 
ignorant butchers, driviling idiots and 
demented shoemakers, are trotted out, 
whose brain-pans had enough capacity 
for two ordinary philosophers, whose 
brains tipped the scale from 65 to 70 
ozs. ; while your Gambettas and Galls 
barely turned the scale at 42 ozs. 
And af least one brilliant general. 
Lord Chelmsford (whose mediocre 
supply of brains has not been weighed 
yet) has only 20J inches circumference 
measurement of head. In fact, for 
such is the force of this argument, it 
would be an advantage (to the War 
Office, I suppose) if our Sir Garnet 
Wolseley had less brains. You may 
here it stated that certain animals or 
men with large brains have less intel- 
ligence than other certain animals or 
men with smaller brains. The whole 
of these statements are too often 
founded upon mere conjecture, and 
when not so they present carelessness 
of observation and thoughtlessness of 
expression on part of the authors. 
Let us examine the position for a mo- 
ment : Do phrenologists predicate 



character upon large heads and fore- 
heads merely ? or upon simply size 
or weight of brain, regardless of other 
considerations ? Is Lord Chelmsford 
to be compared with our " only Gen- 
eral ? " What kind of intelligence in 
the animals or men do they refer to ? 
How often are mere instincts and pro- 
pensities confounded with the opera- 
tion of intellect, reason, identity, 
memory, and what not ? 

Upon investigation these expres- 
sions, instead of telling against phren- 
ology, are actually in its favor. For 
instance, does the forehead present, in 
addition to a broad and high front, 
depth of frontal mass, i.e. length of 
head in front of the ears ? Is it really 
a large forehead of breadth, height and 
depth, and if so, what is the quality of 
organization, coarse or fine, obtuse or 
acute ? How often is it, the individ- 
ual is actually " shallow-pated," hav- 
ing breadth and height but no depth 
of forehead, being, i. e. actually fore 
shortened in length of anterior brain- 
fibre, as in a, 6, c, figure iii. The phren- 
ologist can soon settle these points, 
much more readily than a prejudiced 
flippant objector. Take another in- 
stance — the forehead may overhang, 
giving " thumbed in " perceptives, 
showing plenty of brain in reality, but 
" bad form," an unbalanced head in 
fact. The excess of the reflectives over 
the perceptives giving much learning, 
theory, and disposition to philosophize, 
but little practicality. Or there may 
be an excess in the perceptives over 
the reflectives, which may give plenty 
of idle observation, vulgar staring 
without adequate reason, quickness of 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



17 



action, plenty to say, but little wisdom, 
little thoughtfulness or consideration 
for others. All these variations of 
form must be considered. You are to 
notice that mere size of brain indicates 
brain-power only (as a twelve-horse 
boiler will generate more steam than 
one half its capacity) size of brain in 

IV., V. — Circumference Measurement of Heads 
AND Criminal Types. 



ever particular you detect, upon actual 
examination size will bear 30U out. 
You must look for something more 
than an apparently large forehead for 
intelligence, ability, etc. You must 
look for a beautiful head (a harmon- 
ized and balanced head, phrenologic- 
ally proportioned and well made, not 
Intellectual 



"\ 




Fig. iv.— a. GuiTEAU, the murderer, h. Garfield, the victim, dd. A hypothetical 
line drawn from ear to ear to distinguish the anterior from the posterior brain mass. 

Fig. v.— cf. Deane, tlie murderer, dd. The hypothetical line, snowing the enormous 
posterior brain mass. 



part, in what particular direction. 
A man like an animal may have a 
large mass of brain, and yet not mani- 
fest much intelligence ; but both will 
exhibit power of some sort or other. 
If the '* animal organs " predominate 
(as exhibited in the width of the brain 
in the basilar region of the skull) so 
will there be a corresponding exhibi- 
tion of the animal instincts and pro- 
pensities manifested in the character 
of the possessor of these organs. This 
is the invariable connection between 
the size and manifestation. In what- 



lacking in width, height, length or 
form, no outrageous or inartistic out- 
lines) to discern the really able man 
and good woman. True greatness, in- 
tellectual, moral, social and sympa- 
thetic manhood is not to be found in 
men with heads irregular in formation, 
with foreheads *' villainously low,'' or 
having foreheads which protrude and 
overhang ; but in men whose organiza- 
tion indicates good quality, and whose 
heads are of good size, well-formed, 
and harmoniously balanced — I will 
now resume 



18 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



OUR TALK ABOUT MEASURE- 
MENTS. 

To the theoretical, but conscientious 
student of phrenology, these brain 
measurements are a constant source of 
bewilderment and distress. He wants 
to weigh, balance and " tot up " the 

YI. — Back View of Heads — Moral 
AND Criminal Types. 




Narrow and high head — GossE, the 

benevolent. Broad and low head 

— Patch, the murderer. 

'human faculties with mathematical 
precision, or if endowed with less abil- 
ity, as a grocer would so man}' pounds 
•of soap at so much a pound, total 
amount so-and-so. You are not deal- 
ing in such dead and plastic material, 
neither are you dealing with primary 
elements in chemistry, nor mathemat- 
ical propositions, but with living souls, 
human beings whom you are trying to 
understand by the " outward and visi- 
ble signs " they present of their " in- 
ward and spiritual grace," as marked 
on the outward walls of their physical 
being, for which purpose the brain, in 
its volume, and contour, and quality, 
is the surest index. 

It is well to make all your measure- 
ments with a steel or strong linen tape 
line, which will not deceive you by 



stretching. Continue your measure- 
ments until the eye and hand are suf- 
ficiently educated to be able to make 
sufficient approximations for practical 
purposes without its use. 

Take your first measurement over 
the base of the brain, around the head, 
at c, c?, c, for circumference measure- 
ment, denoting " power and force." 
From e,oaj e, for second circumference 
measurement, denoting " intelligence 
and force." These measurements ought 
to be about equal. In practice you 
will find the first measurement the larg- 
est, as a rule. In pushing active 
business men j^ou will find the lower 
measurement exceed the upper by half 
to three quarters of an inch. Thus, in 
the above head, 22^ inches, c, d^ c, 
(perceptives and executiveness) ; 22 
inches, e, oa, e, (reflect ives and re- 

YII. — Literary Type of Head. 




W. T. Stead, Editor Pall MaU Ga- 
zette. 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EAST. 



straintj ; would Ijo a favorable meas- 
urement for a wide-awake commercial 
man, and so on in proportion. Twenty- 
one and a half and 22^ in a literar}' or 
scholastic man would be favorable for 
his work. Twenty-three and 23^ for a 
man of science would not be too much 
over weight. But 23 at e, oe, e, and 
22 at c, dy c, would be unfortunate, 
larger disproportions more so, indicat- 
ing more of the theoretical than the 
practical, etc. 

The measurements from a to a, over 
/, should be about the same as ft'om b, 
at the root of the nose to o, c (taken 
over /), where the perceptives a, c, a, 
and the reflective a, e, a, develop- 
ments are more marked than on 
the above head. The frontal and 
posterior measurement b too, c, over/, 
may exceed that of a, /, a, by half-an- 
inch to an inch. This would indicate 
that the social, moral, aspiring, and in- 
tellectual developments are greater 
than those of the purely executive and 
selfish faculties. Where the head is 
proportionate!}^ liig^i, as in this head, 
the person will be highly moral in 
tone and feeling ; but when it is much 
higher than it is broad, as in this head, 
the person may be amiable, but will 
also be possessed with a strong sense 
of justice, which may be exhibited in a 
fault-finding and censorious manner. 
Its excess in this case leads to exact- 
ing extremes and censoriousness in the 
government and direction of others, as 
well as a prominent feeling that tlicro 
are few persons who can do anything 
as well as hiinself. He will be troubU;d 
by trilling circumstances. The posi- 
tive and excitable elements in charac- 



ter will lead to extremes and inconsist- 
encies. More width than height often 
indicates a lack of moral feeling, there 
]>eing greater secretiveness, acquisi- 
tiveness, destructiveness, and cautious- 
ness than moral and spiritual develop- 
ment. Such a head, associated with a 
low tvpe of organization, is certainly a 
criminal one, detected or otherwise. 
The height of the head should b^ about 
the same as its width — for instance, if 

YIII. — Diplomatic a?^d Financial 
Type of Head. 




M. Romero, Mexican Minister to the 
United States of America. 

the height from e tof, is G inches, the 
width from a to e should be C inches. 
If the measurements from c to <•, or 
" cautiousness " to " cautiousness '' is 
less than that from d to rf, or " destruct- 
iveness " to " destructiveness,'' it will 
indicate that the restraining elements 



20 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EAST. 



are not as })owerful as the executive. 
In the above head the reverse is the case. 
In figure vii. the moral and intellectual 
predominates. The following measure- 
ments may be found useful to take in 
addition to those already given : An- 
terior measurements from a to a, over 
e, for the perceptives, say 12^; a to a, 
over e, for reflectives, say 13J inches ; 
a to a, over g^ for intuitive or semi-in- 
tellectual measurement, say 14^ inches ; 
a to a, over/, say 15 inches ; find 11^ 
inches from a to «, over the apex of the 
occipital bone; 15^ inches from 6 to oc, 
over/, with 1st circumference measure- 
ment of c, df, c, of 22^ inches, and 2nd 
circumference measurement, e, oa, e, 
22 inches, you would get a fine speci- 
men of a good head, such as you might 
meet in daily practice as an editor, re- 
porter, teacher, accountant, and profes- 
sional pursuits requiring activity, 
versatility, and application. 

To measure a head, you may possi- 
bly adopt your own method, that of 
Combe's, or those in general practice, 
whichever you find best ; or you can 
adopt the following in practice, thus : — 

1st measurement, c, cZ, c. 

2nd " e, oa, e. 

3rd *' o, to a, over c, or in- 

dividuality. 

4th measurement, a, to a, over e, or 
causality. 

5th measurement, a, to a, over y, or 
intuition. 

6th measurement, a, to a, over /, or 
firmness. 

7th measurement, 6, to oc^ over /, or 
firmness. 

Take a good look at the head, first 



the back view — as in outline — and 
take in at a glance the width of brain 
as indicated by the size of the head, 
and see whether it is wider at d — de- 
structiveness — or at c — cautiousness. 
And then the front view — see whether 
it is widest at constructiveness or at 
cautiousness — or vice versa. Next 
take in the side view, and impress upon 
the mind the relative size of your 
primary sub-divisions and the size of 
the head as a whole. There are the 
sub-divisions, as suggested by Combe, 
which doubtless approximate more to 
the truth in nature than those I have 
already marked out for practical pur- 
poses. You will see whether your pa- 
tient has the most brain — back, above, 
or in front of his ears. His character 
must correspond with the formation. 
Measure your head carefully, take in 
the size*- thoroughly, do all this quietly 
and carefully before you venture on 
the expression of opinion. If satisfied 
with your observation and measure- 
ments you are on safe ground — there 
can be no more " ifs " and " buts " ; 
proceed with your description (mind- 
ing previous hints) and you cannot go 
far wrong. 

Ability to measure the head with 
correctness or to estimate the health 
or otherwise of the brain, will come in 
time with careful observation and 
practice. In examining heads travel 
cautiously from what you know abso- 
lutely to be true — for the rest feel 
your way carefully, as phrenology un- 

* In the Practical Application of Phrenology, it 
is the size of each organ in proportion to the 
others in the head of the Individual Manipulated, 
and not the absolute size, or the size in reference 
to any standard liead, that determines the pre- 
dominance of particular talents or dispositions.— 
E. T. Ckaiq. 



PHREiXOLOaV MADE EASV. 



21 



folds the character to you. Some 
phrenologists have a definite method 
of examining a head. Messrs. Dono- 
van, Combe, and Wells have given 
their methods, while the Fowlers, 
Weaver, and Story have thrown out 
IX. — Aristocratic and Diplomatic 
Type of Head. 




Sir Lionel S. Sackville West, Late 
British Representative at Washing- 
ton, U. S. A. 
valuable suggestions. It has been left 
largely for each practitioner to adopt 
his own style. I always make it a 
point to strike at the defects in char- 
acter to commence with. Now as 
tliese vary very much, it will be seen 
my method of reading character will 
depend upon the character to read. I 
think this is the most reasonable plan, 
and suggest it to your consideration. 
I will refer to this again. 

In my first lecture, I roughly di- 
vided the brain into three hypothetical 



regions (unknown therefore in cere- 
bral ph3'siology), nevertheless an in- 
valuable aid in examining heads — 1st, 
the region of the moral and aspiring 
faculties; 2nd, the region of the in- 
tellectual faculties ; 3rd, the region of 
the domestic faculties. I propose to 
further subdivide these into eight 
smaller regions or groups: — 1st, or 



moral region, &c. 



intuitive, or 



semi-intellectual, forming the boundary 
line between spiritual perceptions, in- 
tuition, and pure reason ; 6, the relig- 
ious and spiritual ; c, egoistic or aspir- 
ing organs. 2nd, or intellectual region, 
into e, percept ives (and external 
senses) ; /, literary, and g, reasoning 
groups. 3rd, or domestic region, into 
h, domestic, and i, selfish propensities. 
The natural divisions of the skull af- 
ford some assistance. The domestic 
propensities are covered by the occipi- 
tal bone ; the selfish sentiments al- 
most by the temporal bone ; the per- 
ceptives, reflectives, and knowing 
faculties by the frontal bone. At its 
superior it also covers the semi-intel- 
lectual faculties. The moral and spir- 
itual faculties are covered by the pa- 
rietal bones, superiorly and posteri- 
orly, while inferiorly they cover such 
organs of the propensities as are not 
covered by the temporal bones. This 
rough outline must be corrected by 
you in detail In examining the head 
you will not only see what region pre- 
dominates, but also what subdivision, 
and then what organ of the subdivis- 
ion — activity by size ; size indicating 
the activity. 

In some instances you may find 
heads pretty equally balanced, giving 



22 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EA-^Y. 



3'ou the same measurement from the 
orifice of the ear — over " amativeness " 
as over the perceptives, over contin- 
uity as over the reflectives, over firm- 
ness as over to oc. I do not think 
such uniformity in our present civile 
ization favorable to marked worth or 
character. In low and diseased organ- 
izations, in proportion as the circum- 
ference measurement approximates to 
the circle the criminal type of head is 
pronounced. There is much in this 
form of head which requires study. 
Guiteau, Deane, and Patch, the mur- 
derer,-see Fig. iv., v., and vi., approx- 
imate to this type. Compare them 
with the outline presented by Gosse e, 
and Garfield, 6, the philanthropists. 
These heads are not mere coincidents, 
but rather awkward facts, for good 
men to deal with who see no relation- 
ship between organization and cranial 
formation to crime and virtue ; awk- 
ward stars, if fallen ones, for theolog- 
ical telescopes to discover, or modern 
Paduan philosophers to argue out of 
existence. 

National heads have their national 
characteristics in size, which corres- 
pond to the national traits by which 
they are distinguished. The German 
head is 1^ inches longer than its 
wddth : as a people they are given to 
ease, sitting and thinking, sturdy and 
])hlegmatic. The French head is 
about \\ inches longer than it is wide. 
The German head presents the vital- 
menttal and motive-mental tempera- 
ment ; they arc slow to arouse, but 
when aroused they are like a ponderous 
'machine set in motion ; they are 
capable of doing great execution, and 



have furnished the foremost thinkers 
— -philosophers, divines, physicians, and 
soldiers — veritable leaders in the world. 
The French are more energetic, excit- 
able, and volatile, with the mental and 
mental-vital temperaments : they have 
greater vivacity, but less stamina than 
their more stolid neighbors. The En- 
glish head is about H inches longer 
than wide — that is to say, if 6 J inches 
wide between the ears it would be 8 
inches long from the frontal semus to 
the apex of the occipital bone. The 
typical British head exhibits the best 
blends : Norse, Scandinavian, Ger- 
man, and Celtic. In quality, form and 
size, indicating firmness, executive- 
ness, tenacity of purpose — intellectual 
and enthusiastic. The American head 
approximates to the English and 
French head. It has less veneration 
and continuity than the English and 
more than the French ; exhibiting 
more versatility than the English, 
but not so volatile or as excitable as 
the French. The Beecher head, or 
those of Lincoln and Garfield, would 
less represent the American head than 
John Bright would the 'English. The 
Scotch head, 1| to IJ longer than the 
width, presenting not less executive- 
ness or firmness than the English 
head, but more forethought, shrewd- 
ness, slowness, and caution ; the pre- 
vailing temperaments being mental- 
motive and motive-mental. 

While I do not think I have said 
anj^ thing new or exhaustive on this 
subject,! have driven at tho, principle 
of size to show you its importance in 
estimating character, and I have not 
by any means ignored the importance 



PHRENOLGGY 3IADE EASV. 



of quality in doing so. I shall be 
satisfied if you can feel 30U have a rock 
under your feet, a 'vantage ground, 
from which you may with safety calml}' 
look around you and take your obser- 
vations all the more securely. 

Men and women are at best but 
children of older growth, the animal 
and spiritual are fearfully and wonder- 
fully mixed in each human being, 
" Scratch the Russian and you will 
find the Tarter ; " delve into human 
nature deep enough, and you will find 
the same weakness underlying all. 
" There are none perfect, no not one," 
nor none so low, but a spark of their 
evil life will shine through some clink 
of their " earthly tabernacle," if you 
only know where to look for it and 
bring it into conscious life. True, 
there are many defective and depraved 
human organizations in this world — 
sans soul, heart or head — lacking 
spiritualit}', aflfection, and intelligence 
for all that is good, or having one 
thing and lacking another. To com- 
prehend them fully, or uplift them, 
may be '' beyond the art of man ; " 
don't despair, but believe that deep 
down in each, although hidden from 
your sight under the debris of all that 
is sensual, devilish, and earthly, there 
is a priceless gem in each human 
casket (however untoward and un- 
kempt that casket may be) that shall 
yet shine in the sunlight of Eternal 
(jroodness " sometime, somewhere," 
when the fetters of all things vile — 
hereditarily cursed and depraved 
mortal coil — shall be removed for 
ever. If this is not so, then assur- 
edly if i?7i77r//?'o?? pvr.vo^ ilie "descent 



of man," our no))le progenitors were 
hairy animals, who walked on all fours, 
lived in aborial retreats, wagged their 
ears at pleasure, and wringled their 
scalps at will, and whose habits were 
monkeyish and unseemly, whose be all 
and end all — was mud. If this is 
science then our faith runs — where 
this science neither follows nor directs 
— and declares to our inward vision the 
dignity of manhood and the nobility of 
his heritage, in spite of that material- 
ism which makes man the heir of pro- 
toplasm and the co-heir of apes, and in 
the end converts him into first-class 
manure, as the final and highest use 
of his evolution. Believe me (although 
I cannot enter here upon the theme) 
phrenology leads not from God or 
soul, but leads to them, or else " Know 
Thyself" is but a " tinkling cymbal 
and sounding brass." 

Few men are great, fewer still true 
men. There are few great and true, 
living geniuses, burning and shining 
lights. It is perhaps well for the 
world that it is so. Like seers of old 
the truly inspired live in the open 
air, wear raiments of camel's hair, eat 
locusts and wild honey, and are 
sacrificed to the whims of dancing 
strumpets, and by those whom they 
would teach or reprove. The world 
prefers glamour, glitter, passing shad- 
ows, and " the pomp and circumstance 
of war," to beauty of sou I, and the god- 
liness of sobriety, and the patience of 
love. Hence philosophers burn brim- 
stone and talk of " sweetness and 
light," and when ignored by the busy 
l)eeH of the world's hive, become the 
intelh-'''* ii.'il (ImikIIcs. who nmusc, while 



24 



PHREXOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 



they are petted by an idle, pedantic 
and fashionable society which feeds 
itself upon " words, words, words." 
Poets loose their heads in coronets, in 
fulsome flattery or the flowing bowl. 
Finding " life not worth living," they 
end it by arsenic, like Chatterton ; by 
hysteria and sensuality, like Byron ; 
when they do not end their reputation 
by impurities and agnosticism like 
Swinburne. 

Self-esteem and approbativeness 
have often stimulated to madness the 
the unbalanced geniuses of bye-gone 
days. The world feels their loss, hav- 
ing been affected by their meteor-like 
brilliancy, ten or twenty decades 
afterward holds their centenary and 
applauds itself or its goodness, while 
treating itself to fetes and galas. It is 
all the while repeating the treatment of 
cruelty or adulation to their adulated 
heroes, worthy or unworthy successors. 

Where few are great — geniuses, 
originators, creators and inventors — 
many are talented, more balanced in 
their organization, they are content to 
execute faithfully their allotted task 
in life, according to the position, op- 
portunity, special talents or gifts. 

The great mass of mankind are 
mimics, ready to respond to the most 
predominating influence for good or 
ill, which marks the boundary of their 
life. Others are like sheep who flee 
or jump barriers, because and only be- 
cause some other sheep more daring or 
more foolish has led the way ; the sur- 
rounding social influences of some men 
making or marring their lives for- 
ever — creatures under the guiding in- 
fluences of one or two organs, living in 



one or two spots of their nature and 
vegetating on the rest, " cribbed, cof- 
fined and confined " by the rude in- 
stincts of childhood and barbarism, or 
worse still, modern civilization. 

The full-souled, full-orbed man, "the 
perfect man" is the dream of the 
Christian. The man who lives truly 
in every department of his being by 
use and not abuse is the '' coming man" 
— phrenologist — who, if a genius or 
talented, will not be less, but more the 
man. 

There are two other classes — 
" Hewers of wood and carries of water" 
and fools, the latter including the idle, 
insand, and idiotic. The industrial 
and mechanical classes may be included 
in the former : they, with the " tal- 
ented," "are the salt of the earth," 
the preservers of the economic, politi- 
cal, and religious world. The rest 
when not mere ornaments, " leather 
and prunella," are " shadows b}' the 



way. 



These make life beautiful or 



miserable by their fitful contrasts. 

In all classes you will find vices and 
virtues, strong passions, loves and de- 
sires, stimulating, and organs to stim- 
ulate; those for whom fame has no 
seduction, duty has ; those who will 
not labor for glory, and dare destruc- 
tion at a cannon's mouth for a lady's 
smile and knighthood, will, perhaps, 
be only too glad to work for something 
to eat. Those for whom the cooing 
of the babe, or a mother's winning 
voice, a wife's tender love, have no 
meaning, may pile up for themselves 
" gold, silver, and precious stones." 
Some are stimulated to action by love, 
fear, envy, ambition, or necessity ; 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



some, by thr love of life and the neces- 
sity to preserve it ; others, b^" the love 
of others. All are influenced by some 
consideration — whether that be love of 
self, life, or wife, of children, friends, 
or the helpless and outcast; or per- 
cliance by some Utopian dream or 
grovelling instinct ; in a word, by ap- 
petites, passions, affections, by pride, 
glory, and the desire to excel, by rea- 
son, by moral and spiritual inspiration 
— all are consciously or unconsciously 
influenced or directed. As it is written, 
'• None can live or die unto themselves." 
It will be your duty and privilege 
to analyze all these, and help this won- 
derful being — man — as far as lies 
within the province of your influence, 
to know himself and his surroundings ; 
to suit his surroundings and his con- 
stitution — mental and phj^sical ; his 
circumstances to his enlightened will ; 
to live his honest life by living his 
fullest life, in subordinating the animal 
to the spiritual and intellectual — and 
walk erect, a man. 



PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION 

• For general reading peruse 
'- Kirk's Anatomy," " Trail's 
Physiology," Dr. Nichol's " Hu- 
man Physiology," and Sir Charles 
Bell's " Anatomy of Expression.", 

Lessons on Theory. Read up 
Combe, Wells, Fowler, on the 
classification of the faculties. 
Also learn the definitions of the 
faculties, as given by A. T. Story in 
his " Manual of Phrenology," as you 
would axioms in Euclid, or grammat- 
ical rules. 

Lessons in Observation. Make 



yourself acquainted with the three 
major regions of the brain — " animal 
propensities," " moral sentiments," and 
" intellectual faculties " — and the sub- 
sections of these regions in groups 
and organs ; and learn to localize them 
thoroughly on a blank bust or the liv- 
ing head. Accustom your e3^es to 
make approximate measurements of 
the heads of persons you meet in 
friendship and business. 

Lessons on Practice. Form an es- 
timate of a person's manner of ad- 
dress — lecturer or minister — by seeing 
them on platform or pulpit, by their 
heads. Note whether they are influ- 
enced by large or small cautiousness, 
large or small benevolence, large or 
small destructiveness ; whether mu- 
sical, witty, anecdotal, dramatic, se- 
vere, or sympathetic, &c. 



APPLIED PHRENOLOGY.— 
THIRD LECTURE. 



X. — Six Heads Drawn to One Scale, 
Taken from Casts from Nature. 




l.-Dr. CHALMERS. Eminent Divine. 

2.-Sir ISAMBERT MARC BRUNEL, F. R. S., En- 

pineer of the Thames Tunnel. 
3.— EUSTACHE. The Benevolent Negro. 
4.— (iOTFKIED. Murderess of 14 Persons. 
5.— STEVENTON. Pugilist and Murderer. 
6.— AMSTERDAM IDIOT, 25 years of age. 

Having considered size, at some 



1 



2G 



rHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 



length, form necessarily comes next 
under review. When you notice the 
size of a man's head, the next thing to 
arrest your attention is its form. 
Combe has remarked : " The form of 
the head is not less important to 
phrenologists than size." 

Although I propose to glance at the 
influence of temperament on character 
further on, I refer to it here for the 
purpose of pointing out that the form 
or shape of the head invariably cor- 
responds to the temperament, and it 
will, therefore, always indicate the pre- 
dominant physiology of the individual. 
The dominant physiology or tempera- 
ment will invariably give its bias to 
character. The form of the head will 
also indicate the particular direction 
of that bias. To delineate character 
from a plaster cast or skull should not 
present any great difficulty, as some 
suppose, on account of not discerning 
the temperament of the original. 
Such a statement can only be the re- 
sult of lack of observation. Form is 
ever an invaluable key to tempera- 
ment. Form has also an invariable 
relation to quality — ^. e., the fineness, 
delicac}^, tension, denseness or coarse- 
ness of organism, structure or physi- 
ology. Whoever saw a fine organiza- 
tion, with prognathous jaws, receding 
and low forehead, and pendulous abdo- 
men ? or a fine organization, with dis- 
proportionately long arms, and large 
hands, and large and flat feet to gen- 
eral build, and so on ? More correct 
observation on the part of objectors 
would soon rectify ])revalent errors on 
this point. The size and form of the 
head, i)reseHtetl, even by a plaster cast, 



would be invaluable indicators to a 
phrenologist, not only of tempera- 
ment, but of quality of organization. 
For instance, in Fig. X., 4, 6, and 6, 
indicate lower types of organization 
and temperament than 3, 2, and 1, 
which ascend in quality of structure, 
as they increase in cranial develop- 
ment, or perfection of form. Form of 
head corresponds to temperament. If 
the nervous physiology or mental tem- 
perament predominates, it gives width 
and fulness to the superior anterior 
lobes of the brain, and therefore ful- 
ness and breadth to the forehead, a 
periform contour to the face, corres- 
ponding expansiveness superiorly to 
the semi-refining organs. When the 
arterial or sanguine physiolog}', or 
healthy vital temperament predomin- 
ates, the base of the brain is more 
fully rounded and larger than in the 
mental or foregoing, while not so full 
in the superior brain, the perceptive, 
social, and executive faculties will be 
marked in character, — ^this form of the 
vital giving a healthy stimulus to the 
mental faculties. When the nervous 
physiolc^y, or the lymphatic form o4' 
the vital temperament predominates, 
the circulation is sluggish ; the supe- 
rior anterior development of the Iprain 
as seen in the form of the head is not 
so full, while tlie parietal and posterior 
organs are more marked than in the 
former temperament ; the face is 
rounded, and there is a round config- 
uration of the head : the sensuous ami 
social faculties — which indicate love 
of life, foods and drinks, ease, and 
(luiet enjoyment — are marked. The 
osseous and nuiscular ph3'siology, or 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



27 



motive temperament, gives height 
rather than width to the head ; there 
is less of the activity of the mental, 
and warmth and enthusiasm of the 
vital, b\it greater steadiness in action, 
conjoined with greater durability and 
tenacitv in disposition : these charac- 
teristics agree with the iniiuence of 
the aspiring organs^ — the egotistical 
group — which are marked in this tem- 
perament. There are various phases 
of this temperament, as it is modilicd 
by otliers ; the form or phj^siognomy 
alters, of course, with, the modifica- 
tion. There are the osseous, and the 
muscular, and the nervous forms, and 
so forth, of the motive temperament 
— the harsher outHnes of the first be- 
ing modified as it becomes less and the 
others become more ma'rked. 

In point of fact, there are as many 
temperaments as there are organs in 
the 1x)dy. It would be difficult, there- 
fore, even with the aid of diagrams, to 
l)oint out the ever-varying forms 
which the intricate combinations of 
the various temperaments give, and 
by which forms they are detected. 
You will find for practical pur^ioses 
the simple classifications given in our 
text-])ooks are best. Mr. Burns gives 
an interesting reading of tlie tempera- 
ments in his English edition of Weav- 
er's Lectures on Phrenology, and both 
Mr. 8tory and Mr. Wells depart from 
the old English classification and the 
new American one. There is much 
to be said in favor of all these views. 
It is 1>e9t that each one should read 
for himself. If temperament is indi- 
cated by form, head, as well as of body, 
you can readily see from that \\n\\\ 



whether a brain is active or otherwise ; 
a large brain will be less active than n 
smaller one ; if its temperament be in- 
ferior, it must have necessarily less 
activity, with the Ij-mphatic form of 
the vital temperament, than it would 
have w^ith the sanguine form of the 
same temperament, less activity with 
the osseous than muscular form of the 
moti-we temperament. In judging the 
relative power of the A'arious groups 
or organs in the same head, tempera- 
ment or ph^^siology need not be con- 
sidered, as all the organs of the head 
must be similar in temperament ; 
therefore, what 3'ou ma}' know of their 
power, action, or function, will be in- 
dicated to you b}' the size and form 
presented by them. I may venture on 
a word of caution here. While dwell- 
ing on form- — (we have so-called model 
heads or busts, which serve the same 
useful purpose in phrenology as maps 
in the study of geography, or diagrams 
in physiology) — there is no such thing 
as a special form of head or model 
head. In nature there are no two 
heads alike, either in size, form, or 
quality (to sa}' nothing of the envi- 
ronment, or opportunity, education, re- 
ligious training, and what not, possible 
to each). Therefore, it is necessary 
not to predicate character, talent, or 
capacity, to an^- special form of head 
or model, and to depreciate the pos- 
session of character, talent, or capac- 
ity in the direct ratio of the departure 
of the head (examined) frijm the same 
model head, or standard of phrenolog- 
ical excellence. The model head is 
but a fanciful creation of what the 
coming or perfect man is expected to 



28 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



possess, but in point of fact, its exist- 
ence must be hypothetical, and for hy- 
pothetical uses " point a moral and 
adorn a tale." The practical phrenol- 
ogist can only deal with heads as he 
finds them. 

A modern divine has declared " Je- 
sus Christ was man at His climax." 
Mr. Fowler has said, " Man at his cli- 
max is man perfected physically and 
mentally." That Jesus* was " the 
Perfect Man " in structure, organiza- 
tion, and cerebral development, will 
be admitted. And as being so He 
would have the most perfect head. So 
far as man has departed or degenera- 
ted from that model head and t^pc ol 
perfection, it is assumed his inferiority 
in character, physically, mentally, 
morally, spiritually, and socially, 
would be proportionate. This style of 
argument, while it furnishes problem- 
atical ground for debate, it does not at 
the same time furnish or serve any 
useful purpose. The head of Jesus 
was essentially His own. It may not 
be possible for men to have heads like 
His. God, in His infinite wisdom, 
through His creative, executive, and 
sustaining laws, has ordered it other- 
wise. His ( Jesus's) head and organ- 
ization were most perfect for the man- 
ifestation of Christ's love, life-work, 
and character in the world. As there 
can only be one Christ, so there can 



* Publius Lentulus, in his letter to the Roman 
Senate, describes Jesus "as being of full stature 
rather tall, with hair the color of a chestnut when 
fully ripe, smooth to the ears, and then curling, 
and flowing down upon the shoulders; in the 
midst of the forehead a stream, or partition of 
hair. His beard was of the same color, and very 
full, but not long. His eyes grey and clear. His 
nose and mouth of a form such as no description 
on earth could represent them. His forehead was 
without wrinkle or spot; His posture, one of 
gracefulness and symmetry beyond description.'' 



only be His particular form of organiza- 
tion (and head) for the manifestation 
of Himself. As it is with Him, so it 
is with us : according to our organiza- 
tion (and head) , so will be our life and 
character. The Saviour of mankind 
was limited by His humanity and by 
His environment, and so are we. He 
learned to go about His Father's busi- 
ness — and so may we, whether we 
have one talent or ten, according to 
" our several ability." The form of 
our head will indicate it or them ; and 
our ability for manifesting the same 
shall be as perfect in its exhibition of 
our character, work, and place in the 
race — national, local, or personal — as 
His was for His appointed work. 

Every character must be judged by 
its own head, or the brain by which or 
through which that character is mani- 
fested, and not by comparison to or 
with some other head, real or imagin- 
ary, which shall be set up as a model 
head. What each man or woman can 
do, or is capable of doing, will be with- 
in the limits of their own organization, 
brain development, form, and not be- 
yond it. Form is the universal lan- 
guage of physiology, constitution, and 
being ; by it, and through it, we see 
and interpret nature — man or monkey, 
beast or bird, in connection therewith. 
Form has its relation to intellect and 
character. With variation of form we 
associate variety of ta^lent, capacity, 
and disposition. If one man manifests 
more energy and efficiency in a given 
direction than another, it must not be 
assumed he is superior, mentally or 
morally, to that other, since it may be 
found tliat in certain directions the 



PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 



29 



second may manifest talents and capa- 
bilities, and in them throw the first 
completely in the shade. But wherein 
each severally excels, the cranial form- 
ation shall correspond therewith. 
Thus a sluggish, inactive life, cannot 
be found with large *' vitativeness," 
" hope," and moderate" cautiousness." 
Nor an active life with moderate " vi- 
tativeness," "destructiveness," "hope," 
and large " cautiousness." The en- 
ergy and executiveness of one man 
may be the natural expression of 
" firmness," " self-esteem," " hope," 
and- *' destructiveness " ; of another 
that of " hope," " approbativeness," 
" destructiveness," and " combative- 
ness." The former will be fired to ac- 
tion by an entirely diflTerent motive 
from that of the latter, and the goal of 
their ambition, as far apart as the 
poles. What the motives may be, or 
incentives to action, will be as readily 
discernible in the form of the head. 
While we are careful to exclude the 
hypothetical model, or standard model 
head of well-meaning but imaginative 
souls, it is no less certain that good 
heads have such characteristics in 
form which distinguish them from such 
as are bad or indiflferent. This, how- 
ever, requires neither argument nor 
illustration to demonstrate. The 
mere suggestion should be suflficient 
for all practical purposes. Thus, for 
the exercise of sound judgment, pene- 
tration, cognizance of the useful or 
useless, expedient or inexpedient, 
there must be more than a fair intel- 
lectual development of bniin. That 
for energy and force, there must first 
be that basis in the constitution best 



adapted to give them. In every in- 
stance the intellectual capacity, and 
the energy and force, will be indicated 
by the form and appearance of the in- 
dividual ; the size and contour of the 
brain, as indicated by the skull, the 
surest index. Whether we note our 
politicians, statesmen, ministers, or 
business men, who are to the forefront 
in their special spheres in life, the men 
who have risen and struck out, so to 
speak, above and beyond the ordinary 
file of society, and become its rank or 
leaders, we find the greatest variety of 
cranial formation, of constitution, tem- 
perament, or physiology and form. 
For instance, in politics how dissimilar 
Disraeli, Gladstone, Bright, and Par- 
nell. In religion, Spurgeon, Parker, 
Caird, and Story. The greatest points 
of difference or excellence of talent and 
capacity, corresponding with those 
differences of quality, constitution, and 
cranial formation, detectable to the 
e^e of the skilled observer and phre- 
nologist. Each head must be judged 
on its own merits, by its own form, 
and by the constitution of the individ- 
ual, and not by attempting to adjust 
them to some given standard of brain 
form, and physical quality of organiza- 
tion. 

HEALTH. , 

In giving a delineation of character, 
we do not overlook certain important 
conditions which indicate quality — as 
size indicates quantity, or form the 
tomi)eramcnt. One of the most im- 
portant of these conditions is Health. 

In estimating how heiiltiiy a person 
is, and Uow far their j) resent condition 



'AO. 



niRENOLOG Y MA DE' EA ST. 



of bealtli xnv.y or does affect the 
powers of their mind or the manifes- 
tation of their character — intellect- 
ually, morally, and what not — the 
l)hrenologist does not require to have 
the training of the physician or 
medical expert ; nor is it necessary for 
him to adopt or imitate their methods 
of diagnosis or solemn freemasonry of 
technical nomenclature in expression. 
If you cannot tell at a glance whether 
your patron is healthy or not, neither 
can you tell what the predominating 
physiology or temperament is; nor 
can you tell what is the quality of the 
organization, what the form or size of 
the brain may be, or w'hat the most 
prominent characteristics of the indi- 
vidual are. If you cannot tell these 
you must either give up your notion to 
become readers of character until you 
have well trained your powers of ob- 
servation and reflection, or remain 
ignorant and pretentious phrenologists. 
Better be an honest brickla^^er. 

Health of mind and body is essential 
to success in life. You can read bet- 
ter with sound eyes than sore ones. 
Think better without a headache than 
with one. Enjoy the services of the 
temple without a colic than with one. 
" Fulness of bread " may puff up, but 
hunger seldom renders one gracious or 
grateful (although by it the Prodigal 
came to himself, and the fear of it has 
been a powerful incentive to industry 
and invention). Dyspeptic sermons, 
and the penitential utterance of the 
drunkard's morning, cannot be consid- 
ered wholesome, sound, or healthy 
transactions. 

A bilious man in the midst of a 



bilious world can see no good in any- 
body, and very little in himself. 
" Livered," " hipt," and ja,undiced peo- 
ple are never optimists. You might 
as well dilate on the beauties of sun- 
set tints on the western skies, or the 
magnificent variegations of color 
caused there by the restless, gorgeous, 
and ever-rolling ocean to a sea-sick 
passenger, as to expect expressions of 
gratitude, admiration, and delight from 
such people. In theor}^, they ought to 
be " rejoicing in affliction," " glorying 
in tribulation ; " but, in fact, they 
don't ; " it's agin natur." Offended 
nature punishes, and all suffering is 
grievous. A powerful mind cannot be 
manifested by or through a weak brain, 
or brillancy of talent — special talent 
— through defective organa It is im- 
possible that greater clearness and 
power, to say nothing of happiness of 
mind, can be exhibited in disease than 
in health, or else mankind should be 
supremely happy, as they happen to 
be more diseased than healthy. You 
may rest assured whatever devitalizes 
the i>rain and impairs the vigor or tone 
of organization, lowers the tone, les- 
sens the grip, and dulls the perceptions, 
and modifies in proportion the mani- 
festations of mind. In more serious 
proportions is the mind affected or de- 
stroyed as the ph3^sical defects of body 
and brain become greater or more per- 
manent. Some may esteem this rank 
materialism ; I but see in it greater 
need for men to know themselves bet- 
ter, and to have some more regard for 
their bodies and brains than heretofore 
— " Honor God in their bodies," as 
well as " their souls, which are God's." 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



Health is essential to right-thinking 
and right (eous) actions. Great 
thoughts, noble sentiments, words that 
breathe and thoughts which burn, 
words of life and vigorous actions, are 
not the products of disease. Health is 
necessary to greatness. It is not to 
be denied that some have done Wonders 
and achieved greatness under adverse 
circumstances ; nevertheless, the prin- 
ciples I contend for are true, and in no 
way affected by apparent incidents of 
an opposite character. Health is 
largely a constitutional matter ; it 
must be born in us. So there is some- 
thing in blood after all. Nothing can 
be more important to the individual 
than to be born right, and after that 
keep right. You must make the 
hereditary and hygienic aspect of this 
subject your study, so that you may 
be the better adapted to help the fiiUen, 
and support or succour the weak ; to 
train men and women in the way they 
should go. 

Health, like character, manifests it- 
self in structure, in form and appear- 
ance. The manly,' virile step, action 
and build, the clear eye, pure skin, can 
be readily detected from the backbone- 
less shuffle, the cod-fish ej^e, sallow 
skin and toothless pouches of the i)lny- 
od-outro//^and hypochondriac. Health 
and disease play an important part in 
character. Why is the bright and 
brilliant man of yesterday, then so 
clear-headed and prompt, so reliable 
and manly, now so sapless, withered 
and undone ? Yesterday, tlie nerve 
currents flowed rhythmically, the 
bright arterial blood bounded on its 
appointed course, while the venous ^ 



blood returned with healthy even 
flow to its destined haven. To-day, 
all this is altered, fell disease has done 
its work and has made all the differ- 
ences we note in character. Out- 
wardly, all of the man appears the 
same. In organic quality, tempera- 
ment, size and form of body and head, 
there are no radical changes as yet : 
only the health spirit has fled. The 
breathing, circulatory, digestive and 
nutritive forces are altered. The tem- 
perature of the body has undergone a 
marked change. The activity and 
briskness, clear-headedness and force 
with which the character was marked 
are no longer there. The conditions 
of health, or rather absence of health, 
making all the difference, etc. This is 
an extreme illustration, but will serve 
my purpose. There are various de- 
grees of health, from the buoyancy 
and soundness of youthful days, to 
the haleness which often accompanies 
good old age. it would be as impos- 
sible to describe the innumerable 
stages and degrees of health or 
disease, as it would be to describe the 
innumerable forms of head which a 
phrenologist in fair practice would 
handle in twelve months. In good 
health the flame of life burns normally ; 
soundness of constitution is exhibited 
by ease, in the performance of all 
physical functions, such actions creat- 
ing the highewt degree of enjoyment. 
And within phrenological expression, 
activity, buoyancy, clear-headedness, 
pleasurable feelings and happiness re- 
sulting therefrom. The flame of life 
may burn low ; may have been ahvays 
feeble through inherited weakuesQ or 



32 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY 



disease. The possessor of such de- 
bilitated constitution is ever feebly 
struggling for existence, life being 
made up of fitful gleams, and lingering 
hopes. Or the flame burns low, be- 
cause of reckless expenditure and 
prodigality of life force, the condition 
of organization being but the natural 
outcome of a long train of devitalizing 
habits, which in themselves may have 
arisen out of abnormal mental or sen- 
suous predilections, — or from some one 
or many of those accidental develop- 
ments of self-gratification to which 
uninstructed human nature is some- 
what prone. Improper diet, excess in 
eating and drinking, and insanitation 
will be found to lie at the root of nine- 
tenths of all human depravity re- 
flected in this condition of health — or, 
rather, the want of it. Again, the 
flame of life may burn high, too high, 
strong and uncontrollable. Illicit 
passions and high burning fevers may 
bring a strong constitution low, and 
terminate the existence of a feeble 
one. In the first, life is the outcome 
6f healthy, natural, or normal condi- 
tions. In the second, there is a lack of 
those conditions which make up 
healthy life. In the third, or last, 
there is the rapid and fiery consump- 
tion of life as exhibited in fevers, and 
other violent adjustments of the vis 
medicatrix naturae to cast out disease 
and resume dominance in the organi- 
zation. As a phrenological prac- 
titioner, you will meet with " the 
seven ages of man ; " so will you meet 
with all conditions of life as affected by 
health and disease. It will be your 
duty to see how far character is af- 



fected by these conditions, and in what 
proportion, and by your advice — 
hygienic advice rather than medical — 
you will aid your patrons to return to 
the best conditions of life most in 
harmony with the laws of health. 

Some individuals may be overflow- 
ing with life, buoyancy, and all the 
happiness which comes with it. It 
will be yours to teach them how to 
treasure what they have, how to pre- 
serve and maintain, how to utilize and 
direct the same into useful channels. 
Others may have less of this constitu- 
tional buoyancy and vigor, yet be 
sturdy and robust, able to manifest 
great physical power, endure labor, 
pain, and hardships with fortitude. 
Help these to cultivate their mental 
and moral powers, to preserve their 
health, that their powers of usefulness 
may be increased and prolonged. Oth- 
ers may have a fair degree of vital 
stamina ; let them know the value of 
self-denial, temperance, of a calm and 
peaceful mind, so that they may avoid 
overwork and all extremes which ex- 
haust nature, and hasten the prema- 
ture termination of life. Others, 
again, may have but a fair degree of 
health, without buoyancy, sprightli- 
ness, or zeal — onl}^ suflScient to make 
them slow (if conscientious) workers, 
if so directed. Direct each according 
to character, health, ability, and the 
materials with which you have to work. 
Others may be tame and mechanical, 
without elasticity of step or brightness 
of soul, lacking in health without ex- 
hibiting any special form of disease. 
Search out the cause, whatever it be, 
bring it and your patient face to face. 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



33 



It may be inherited, or the result of 
ignorance, or, it may be, of sin — that 
is, personal evil-doing. But, whatever 
the cpuse or causes, if you can help, 
let them not die from " lack of knowl- 
edge." Their restoration to health is 
the first parallel to be won. Mind 
cannot be great or clear which has to 
manifest itself through a brain en- 
feebled by disease, and through a bod}^ 
" scarce half-made up," and that of 
such stuff, imperfect nutrition, poor 
blood, and feeble nerves can make it. 

Health is ease — ease the normal and 
natural action of every phj- sical func- 
tion in living things. Want of health, 
or ill-health is disease — discomfort in 
phj'sical action. Frequently, the dis- 
ease is but an effort of nature to re- 
store the normal condition of ease, or 
health. 

Health, then, is haleness, soundness, 
completeness, wholeness, wholesome- 
ness, righteousness of the physical or- 
ganization. In plants, animals, and 
man it is the basis of vigorous life. 
In man the basis of orderly and vig- 
orous life — " a sound mind in a sound 
body." Ill-health or disease is natur- 
ally the complement of the above, and, 
therefore, the unnatural condition of 
plants, animals, or man, as constituted 
by the Supreme Being, and revealed 
to those wlio care to read God's laws 
as written within and without us — in 
the constitution of man and his envi- 
ronment. 

Phrenology has to do with man — 
with mind, and therefore with the laws 
of health ; but as there cannot be mind 
or (mental) laws of health without a 
physiological basis, it is important to 



the phrenologist that he should have 
such an insight — pathological, if 3'ou 
will — knowledge of that basis, so as to 
be the true " guide, philosopher, and 
friend " of those who shall consult 
him. Apart from such phrenological 
developments as tend to excitability, 
despondency, unevenness, excessive 
anxiety, defective hope, abnormal cau- 
tiousness, and what not. Health plays 
such an important part in man's dis- 
position, ability, and character, no 
genuine advice can be given without 
taking these into consideration. It is 
your duty, and the duty of every 
phrenologist, to study human nature 
honestly as a whole ; to study those 
laws of life, being, health, hygiene and 
sanitation, and apply them to the wel- 
fare of himself and others who may 
consult him. Let the phrenologist 
magnify his ojjice by earnestly, anx- 
iously, and truthfully striking at the 
evils which underlie and undermine 
health and character — whatever their 
source — within or without the individ- 
ual. If at all preventable and remov- 
able causes, let him labor for their re- 
moval. Preventive hj-giene or medi- 
cine is hardly yet within the sphere of 
medical practice and responsibility. 
The medical man is, as a rule, called 
in to prescribe and cure, not to advise 
and educate the people, and prevent 
disease ; much less to give instruction 
in the art of living, in the formation 
of right habits, or the i:rerfection of 
character, or in the choice of pursuits. 
It is the phrenologist who does this ; 
and in doing so he cannot interfere 
with the medical profession or prac- 
tice, — save on the broad and higher 



34 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



grounds of the prevention of disease, 
and" the physical, mental, and moral 
improvement of the individual and the 
community. 

PATHOLOGICAL PaYSIOGNQMY. 

AYhen you are estimating the influ- 
ence of health and disease as affecting 
character, the physiology of the indi- 
vidual, as presented by his or her tem- 
perament, will be found important. 
Each temperament, according to its 
predominance, will have its own char- 
acteristic derangements, concerning 
which the possessor of the tempera- 
ment should ever be on his guard. 

PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOGNOMY might With 

advantage be elevated to the dignitj^ 
of a professorship and a chair in our 
medical schools. As it is, it cannot 
escape the attention of the observant 
medico-phj'-siologist, or observant 
phrenologist, that disease as well as 
temperament have their characteristic 
features or physiognomy by which 
they can be diagnosed or detected. 

A description of the various tem- 
peramental conditions is not intended 
now ; later on I shall briefly describe 
them. Each temperamental condition 
has its own peculiar innate or family 
derangements — such as mental and 
nervous diseases with the mental tem- 
perament, diseases of the nutritive and 
digestive viscera with the vital tem- 
perament, rheumatic and muscular 
diseases with the motive temperament. 
The vital predisposes to short or acute 
diseases, inflammatory in character ; 
the motive to slow and chronic de- 
rangements or diseases ; the combina- 



tions of the temperament to various 
complications. With one person acute 
bronchitis shortens the career ; while 
with another chronic and distressing 
asthma hold its sway, but seems to 
have no appreciable effect on the 
longevity of the individual. Con- 
sumption of the lungs may exist with 
mental clearness, nervous excitation, 
and delusive hopes — but not with 
mental robustness. No condition of 
disease can be favorable to mental 
greatness, usefulness, and holiness. 

The more perfect our physical and 
mental conditions, the more perfectly 
are we adapted for their manifestation. 
Sickness may bring reflection, thought- 
fulness, but I doubt if it ever brought 
either great goodness or usefulness. 
The Abrahams, Noahs, Elijahs, Johns, 
Peters, and Luthers, the Joshuas, 
Maccabes, Caesars, Washingtons, Well- 
ingtons, Lincolns, and Grants, were 
not creatures that would be sickly 
saints if they could, but rather valiant 
soldiers, healthy men, whose features 
bore the impress of manliness as well 
as goodness. 

Sickness, disease, and death, I ad- 
mit, have their uses in the order of 
nature, creation, and Divine govern- 
ment, or else they would not be. We 
live because others have died ; and we 
will live and die to repeat the tale. It 
has taken generations of deaths to fit 
this world for man ; while, stranger 
still, his death has contributed to his 
advancement — i. e.^ mankind. Never- 
theless, it is not sickly souls in rheu- 
matic carcasses who move the umsses, 
lead, guide, and control the world, it 
is rather those who in the full posses- 



PHRENOLOGY MADt: EAST, 



35 



sion of all their poiS'^rs, have been 
able to do so. 

The deceased, sickly, or broken 
down, are rather examples of violated 
law, non-servitude to the CrGa;tor's 
will or Nature's laws. Say what yon 
will, cfut best life will be omit trtiest 
life ; and our best and truest life can 
only be the ontcome Of our healthiest 
and purest conditions. 

In times past or present, the wiiie 
of inspiration has iiot beeti poured^ into 
did bottles or broken flasks, but alwaj-s 
iffto receptacles worthy or fitted for it. 
Look high up or look down, search and 
see, where has theirfe 1bc€tti €>ne sickly 
lantern-jawed dyspeptic who doTie 
otight for his day and generation 
Worthy of the name, whidh might not 
have been much better accomplished 
When in the full possession (by health) 
of his faculties ? I can point to the 
man)^ who have stamped Oft those 
about them the robustness of their 
goodness, and the whole- heartedness 
of their nature, by the mighty mag- 
netism of loA^e and true earnestness of 
purpose. , Decrepitude and disease can 
only produce kindred fruit. The signs 
of health and disease are not hard to 
read. Vitativeness and longevity are 
never found with ears buried iii the 
head, or with a weak and ret locating 
chin ; good digestion and correspond- 
ing nutritive energy with a hollow 
cheek and high cheek bones ; vitality 
with a sunken and leaden expression ; 
robust lungs with small nostrils and 
thin and weak muscles ; vigorofts cir- 
culation with a pale or yellow skin, 
cold feet and hands. Persons hollow 
beneath the eyes are predisposed to 



consumption, while those who are full 
there are strong in lung and sound in 
wind and limb, etc. 

Health and longevity are dependent 
oft organization or constitution, good 
habits and good surroundings, organ- 
ism and environment, but principally 
on organiisation. 

The physician who is not a phrenol- 
ogist, is necessarily at greater disad- 
vantage in diagnosing disease than one 
Who is both. A phrenologist is less 
called npon to treat disease than he is 
called to point out where character, 
talent, ability, etc., are affected, modi- 
fied, at UlndeiTnined by it. It is there- 
fore of importance to you to know 
whether the brain is supplied by 
healthy or diseased blood ; whether the 
mental and the ph^^sical powers are 
working in harmony, or opposed to 
each other, and in what degree ; 
whether the mental powers are 
strained, in what sense and by what 
cause or causes ; all this is ift^portant 
to you. It is foi- you to read charac- 
ter through its physical basis of sound- 
ness or otherwise. Behind the bright 
eye, (fringed by long e^^elashes), deli- 
cate nostrils, and soft and tender skin, 
ITTctty heightened color, and fulness at 
centre of each cheek — ^tlie ftice of 
beauty, with all the vivacity and fick- 
leness of manner — you may detect 
phthisis or deadly consumption. In 
fulness of flesh, bright eomiplexion, 
and somewhat thick upper lip, yon 
may detect scrofula. In pasty, dingy 
complexions ; kidney disease. In 
waxy appearances and bloodless feat- 
ures ; uterine affections. In the ogling 
glance and l-estless eye ; the persist- 



36 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



ence of amatory inconsistency and local 
brain disease. In the persistent smil- 
ing, staring, stupid and idiotic grin, 
brain affections. In restlessness and 
anxiety, depression of spirits, organic 
nervous derangement of heart and 
lungs. In the loose-hanging jaw, 
ennuij want of spirit, ambition and 
pluck, stomachic derangements, poor 
digestion, mesenteric diseases; flush- 
ing in the face with blueness under the 
eyes in children, teething, worms, and 
menstrual troubles; and in men and 
women pneumonia, nervous exhaustion 
and weakness. In the constant red 
face, gouty tendencies, inflammatory 
difficulties, and fondness of stimulants. 
The face bloated and blotched with 
red nose ; drunkenness or high living 
and imperfect circulation. Red cheeks 
with paleness about the mouth and 
nose, sunken under the eyes, worms, 
and intestinal difficulties. With the 
wrinkled face, old age ; in children, 
imperfect nutrition and precocity ; in 
half-grown lads and men, immoral 
habits, self-abuse, and venery. Yellow 
complexion, with white of the eyes 
tinged with yellow, torpid liver, inac- 
tivity, sedentary habits, and so on. I 
lay down no general law for you, so 
much depends upon skill and practice. 
It is true (in phrenology) you are not 
required to administer medicine, prac- 
tice midwifery or surgery. Your work 
is to analyze character, to detect de- 
fects therein and expose them with a 
view to their successful eradication or 
cure, whatever they may be — evil hab- 
its, that they may be given up, secret 
transgressions against light and 
knowledge, so that by their exposure 



they may fade away like ancient mum- 
mies before the light of the sun and 
exposure to air. To discover latent 
talent, to direct manhood's gifts into 
the most useful and noble channels, 
and to help your fellow man in all 
honest ways to a true knowledge of 
himself. Where you find man's igno- 
rance of self stand in his way of ad- 
vancement, it is your duty to enlighten 
him according to your ability, to un- 
derstand and appreciate your offices ; 
therefore the importance you, as a 
phrenologist, must attach to health, 
and the desire which you should pos- 
sess, to see that all who consult you 
should maintain and foster such health 
as they have, and live in the full use 
of their powers, physical, mental, and 
moral, and in the abuse of none. 

"That tone of mind depends upon 
vigor of organization " cannot be too 
often borne in mind, or repeated as a 
phrenological and physiological ax- 
iom ; defective vigor in the one means 
defective tone in the other. Defective 
health means, then, less vigor and 
tone than would be possible under a 
normal condition of health. 

MEMORY. 

By health, the best foundation of 
memory can be laid. As health is 
essential to the growth, vigor, and ro- 
bustness of all our faculties, it follows 
that with an impaired nervous system 
and a depleted brain, memory will be 
less tenacious and reliable than when 
the organization is unimpaired and the 
brain sound and vigorous. No matter 
how perfect the brain, even though 
the possessor is in a fair state of 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



37 



health, a heavy dinner an unusual 
glass of spirits, an exhausting walk, a 
sleepless night, a slight cold, are often 
sufficient to impair memory and inter- 
fere with normal brain action. How 
much more likely are the mental 
powers — memory — liable to be affected 
when the brain is depleted by disease, 
or when the course of life-work, morals 
— or the want of them — have been 
making unseen but steadfast drain 
upon the vitality ? You will some- 
times observe that the undue action 
of certain organs — say, of the social 
or selfish group — have effectually 
drained the knowing and reflective 
organs .of all reliability of action in 
early life, which, later on, should be 
only the product of senility. Facts 
and incidents of twenty years ago, 
impinged upon the brain when mobile 
and active, and all the faculties more 
capable of photographing vivid im- 
pressions, will be remembered b}^ some 
persons quite readily, when the facts 
and incidents of twenty weeks ago — 
twenty hours ago — are forgotten ; for- 
gotten, owing to the lack of vitality, 
and therefore less impressionability of 
the brain to receive impressions. 

Health is essential to memory. The 
kind of memory will depend upon the 
brain formation. A child with small 
" form " and " imitation " will have 
some difficulty to remember and re- 
produce copy, or writing and drawing 
exercises, than another with the same 
quality and health of brain, but more 
favorably endowed with these faculties. 
Boys with a talent for figures will ])e 
better endowed with a good memory 
for figures than other lads wanting in 



"calculation'' and " causality." Per- 
sons who have no brains to appreciate 
facts will be poorly impressed with 
them, and consequently have a poor 
memory for them and so on. It must 
not be forgotten whatever the charac- 
teristic memory — mind powers — pres- 
ent, retrospective and active, the mem- 
ory will he exalted by health and de- 
teriorated by disease. 

There are many persons who com- 
plain of their memory, when the fact 
really is that for some things only 
their memory is bad — some only ; and 
as often as not, it is not until the 
phrenological practitioner has clearly 
pointed out the special area of the de- 
fect in memory, that they become 
truly acquainted with their mental 
condition in this respect. Phrenology 
ascertains and points out in what par- 
ticular memory is defective, and the 
cause or causes of the defect : deficient 
brain formation, deficient exercise of 
the faculty complained of — such as de- 
fective education or imperfect interest ; 
lack of brain vitality, imperfect health, 
and the cause of the imperfect health ; 
to any of these, or all combined, may 
be traced the defect in memory com- 
plained of. The phrenologist is called 
upon to advise the best steps to be 
taken for the renewal of the mind to 
its early vigor, presence, and power, 
or to such improvement as may be 
radically possible. Herein your knowl- 
edge of character and of hygiene can 
be applied with true advantage. 

Health and memory are again iiiti- 
matel}^ associated with the right exer- 
cise of the self-preservative organs. 
The self-preservative organs, \v\'\ to 



38 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



themselves, are but " blind leaders of 
the blind." " Alimentiveness " simply 
gives the desire for, and is gratified 
by, eating and drinking ; but lacks 
discriminating knowledge, is not en- 
abled to distinguish between the good 
and the bad, merely selecting that 
which gratifies the appetite most. It 
may long for and eat forbidden fruit 
and die. It may eat from mere neces- 
sity from the edible clays of South 
America to the street garbage of our 
cities and towns — but not from knowl- 
edge. " Alimentiveness " must be ed- 
ucated. " Yitativeness " gives love of 
life, creates an instinctive desire to 
live and preserve life; but how, de- 
pends upon whether it is guided by 
" a Yoice from Heaven " reaching it 
from above through the moral and in- 
tellectual organs, or from " below," 
tempting it to revel in sensuous en- 
joyment with " alimentiveness," " to 
eat, drink and be merry ; " or with 
perverted " amativeness " "to waste 
its substance with harlots ; " or in 
lesser follies, esteeming such gratifica- 
tion as the highest acme of human 
happiness — i.e., its gratification. Cour- 
age, (combativeness) may just as 
readily defend " vitativeness," as to 
give it daring to go to extremes. 
Courage, without the restraining in- 
fluences of conscience and caution, has 
often led " vitativeness " to " see life," 
" go out into the world," and through 
a " carnival of fun " terminate exist- 
ence in the dance of death. " Execu- 
tiveness,"destructiveness, may destroy 
to find food to sustain life ; " acquisi- 
tiveness," to store it ; and " secretive- 
ness " to secure it ; or " love of wom- 



an " to prodigality, waste, and extrav- 
agance. For the unguided dominion 
of these propensities to lead their 
gratification pure and simple, without 
regard to the wisdom or the folly of 
the act, providing the act gives pleas- 
ure to the actor. The mental and 
moral faculties may be misused, but it 
is the abuse of the propensities, wil- 
fully or ignorant ly, which lies at the 
base of three-fourths of 4:he ills which 
humanity are heir to. If the improper 
use, or abuse, of any of the faculties 
of mind, or organs of the brain, lead 
to the undermining of the health— ^to 
loss of memory, to the destruction of 
character — it is the phrenologist's duty 
to become a true preacher of " right- 
eousness, temperance, and judgment " 
to those who seek his counsel. The 
reciprocal action of health and charac- 
ter are interblended, and never can in 
this life at least be disassociated. 
Every phrenologist worthy of the 
name studies phj^siology, the laws of 
health, the principles of hygiene, per- 
sonal and domestic sanitation. He is 
not trespassing on the province of the 
medical practitioner. Thus, in so pre- 
paring yourself for your work as a 
phrenologist without such study and 
observation, your ability to discern 
and analyze character will be limited ; 
not only so, but you will fail to give 
suitable advice in circumstances where 
your advice would be most necessary 
and most surely appreciated. 

APPLIED PHRENOLOGY.— 
FOURTH LECTURE. 



In the preceding addresses, I have 
considered some health conditions, as 



PHRENOLOOY MADE EASY. 



39 



affecting memory and character, and 
have endeavored briefly to point out 
some of the physical or physiog- 
nomical signs indicating the same. 
In this address, I shall briefl}^ review 
the temperaments, and other condi- 
tions, which are essential to duly con- 
sider in i-eading character, and con- 
elude with a hint or two on conduct in 
the consulting room. Next in import- 
ance of modif3'ing or qualifying influ- 
ences are the temperaments. For the 
sake of clearness and brevity, phren- 
ologists wisely take for their bases of 
temi}erament8 the natural physiolog- 
ical bases of the organization in 
health, and not the pathological and 
ph)^9iological classification of the medi- 
cal schools. By the term tempera- 
ment, we understand that condition or 
state of body depending upon the rela- 
tive energy of its various functions. 
As a matter of fact, there are as many 
temi)eraments as there are functions 
in the organization, but they are all 
subordinate to the three grand tem- 
peraments, or physiological systems 
into which the organization is divided; 
viz., the nutritive or vital tempera- 
ment, the mechanieal or motive tem- 
perament, the nervous or mental tem- 
perament. 

The vital tenii>erament is, then, 
based on the nutritive system, i. e., 
the lungs, stomach, blood, and lym- 
phatic organic nervous system ^ the of- 
fice of which is to elaborate life or 
vitality. It is presented in two promi- 
nent forms : First — in greater width 
and depth of tlie cavity of the thorax 
or chest, than of the alwlominal region. 
Hence the greater activity of the 



arterial s^'stem, the lungs and capillary 
vessels being most prominent. The 
eyes are blue or grey ; hair, light 
brown, auburn, or red ; complexion of 
'' good color " — bright or florid. The 
individual in general character is noted 
for warmth, enthusiasm, genialit}^, 
fondness for life, good company, 
" goodness of heart," and pleasant so- 
cial surroundings. It is the money- 
making temperament, makes the most 
of everything — ease, comfort, gener- 
osity, domesticity, etc. Second — form 
of the temperament presents greater 
fulness of the abdominal region than 
of the chest and thorax, greater 
activity of the lymphatic system than 
in the foregoing, less arterial activity-, 
slowness in breathing, (nature requir- 
ing greater mental and physical 
stimuli to arouse it), paleness of skin, 
and, in some instances, presenting 
general flabbiness ; hair light to dark. 
Vitality is manufactured faster than 
there is activity, mental or phj^sical, 
to work it off. This is the grease- 
making organization, and is often ac- 
companied by a character in which 
laziness and selfishness are personified. 
To lounge, sit, eat, drink, smoke, and 
gratify the sensuous nature generally, 
as opposed to mental and moral great- 
ness, is characteristic. Then there is 
the lymphatic, bilious form of this 
temperament, which gives a pendu- 
lous abdomen — a Falstaffian corpora- 
tion of unuHual proportions, so dear to 
" City Alderman," " Poor-law Guar- 
dians," and such retired respectability 
as indulges in sumptuous feasts and 
wine baiKjuets at other peoples' ex- 
pense. The lymphatic and bilious 



40 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



form of this temperament are abnor- 
mal or diseased physiological condi- 
tions of the organization. Mental lan- 
gor and debility, sluggish circulation, 
with its innumerable diseases, stom- 
achic derangements, dropsy, tumors, 
scrofula, bad legs, bad heart, and a 
bad liver, are some of its fruits. Yet 
what else can be expected than that a 
man should have a bad liver who has 
a bad heart, and who daily violates the 
good laws of nature, instead of learn- 
ing that obedience which brings des- 
tined happiness in its train ? 

The motive temperament is based 
on the mechanical system, the tent- 
poles and ropes of our earthly taber- 
nacle, our framework of bones, and 
muscles, and ligaments. This tem- 
perament presents itself in two forms 
— the dark or bilious, the light or san- 
guine, in proportion as the lungs, 
heart, liver, stomach, etc., are influen- 
tial in the organization. This is the 
temperament of manliness, industry, 
energy, determination, self-reliance, 
muscular power, and physical endur- 
ance. Character in this, as in the 
foregoing or vital temperament, will 
be powerfully influenced by its pre- 
dominance. As stated elsewhere, the 
brain formation will correspond with 
the dominating temperament. 

The mental temperament is based 
upon the brain, spinal cord, and nerv- 
ous system ; motor, sensory and sym- 
pathetic. This is the temperament of 
" I think," as the vital is of " I live 
and I enjoy," or the motive of " I work 
and execute." It is the temperament 
of progress and culture. Its excess is 
the curse of civilization ; its want, the 



characteristic of barbarism. It is 
needless to say there can be no sensi- 
tiveness of feeling, keenness of enjoy- 
ment, susceptibility of suflering or 
capacity for enjoyment, mental or 
moral progress or greatness, without 
the existence of this temperament. 
Character corresponds to its influence. 
The size and form of the head indicate 
its presence by the fulness of the per- 
ceptive, knowing, intellectual, intui- 
tional, spiritual, and semi-refining 
faculties. 

The vital temperament includes the 
breathing, circulatory, and digestive 
powers, and is affected by the natural 
or healthy, abnormal or diseased, con- 
dition of the organs manifesting these 
functions, the character corresponding. 
The mental temperament is character- 
ized by a head relatively large, and a 
comparatively small, neat body. The 
features of the face are delicately 
moulded, fineness throughout mani- 
fested ; voice, clear, silvery, and flexi- 
ble. It is the temperament of refine- 
ment. The figure is graceful or ele- 
gant, rather than robust or command- 
ing. Activity, clearheadedness, and 
excitability or susceptibility to impres- 
sions, are characteristics. Nothing is 
so desirable as a healthy condition of 
this temperament ; nothing so unde- 
sirable as the reverse. The finer the 
organization, the more liable it is to 
derangement. 

In animal life and processes the vital 
is creative — broods, breeds, and sus- 
tains ; the motive executes, builds, en- 
gineers, and pioneers ; the mental orig- 
inates, perceives, reflects, and refines. 
All are interlinked, and combine their 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



41 



forces for good or ill, according to the 
quality of the organization and brain 
capacity, size, and shape. 

Activity of organization is indicated 
by litheness, slenderness in men as in 
animals — race-horse, greyhound, and 
antelope are examples. Excitability 
by sharpness ; sharp features, pointed 
noses and chins, thin straight lips, are 
signs. Thin straight lips are not de- 
sirable ; although they may indicate 
cuteness, penetration, they are seldom 
accompanied by coolness of judgment, 
patience, or affection. 

That character is influenced by pre- 
dominence of temperament is un- 
doubted. It is desirable to have a bal- 
ance of temperament in harmonious 
proportion to have a harmonious 
character. Where the mental temper- 
ament is dominant, there may be intel- 
lectual brilliancy, at the lack of gen- 
eral strength or force. Where the 
vital predominates there may be love 
of ease, comfort, life, and present grati- 
fication, at the cost of moral and intel- 
lectual growth and spirituality. The 
motive temperament in excess would 
give slowness, ruggedness, and angu- 
larity to character. Where the tem- 
peraments are more harmoniously 
blended — the motive, giving endur- 
ance; the vital, ardor ; the mental, in- 
telligence and spirituality ; — we find 
health, vigor, long life, great useful- 
ness and goodness as the outcome of 
such completeness and full-orbing of 
the organization. 

Organic quality is that quality of 
organization wliicli is innate, inbred — 
the quality of our breeding, good or 
l>a<l, which conies with ourselves into 



this life. It underlies all temperament. 
It gives fineness to the motive, and 
makes a Gladstone of one who might 
otherwise have been a coal-heaver. It 
gives purity to the vital, and makes a 
Spurgeon of one who might have been 
a tapster or brewer's vanman. It re- 
fines the mental, and tends to goodness 
of soul and life, as it gives grain, fine- 
ness of grain or fibre to the organiza- 
tion. It is more easily perceived, de- 
tected, than described, beyond the in- 
formation already recorded in our text- 
books. It is the mystic power pervad- 
ing our being which proclaims our 
lineage, and gives tone, bias, and in- 
tensity to our entire nature — mental 
and phj'-sical. It is not a polished 
coin, but the purity of the metal of 
which the coin is made. It is not the airs 
and mannerisms of my lady, or lady's 
lady, the etiquette of ballrooms or the 
tricks and jargon of this set or of that 
society. It is inbred perfection, con- 
genital and hereditary, and is indicated 
by the general harmony of form, tex- 
ture of skin, fineness of hair, delicacy 
(not unhealthiness) and refinement 
of structure throughout. 

CONSULTATIONS. 

In giving consultations the profes- 
sional phrenologist will, as a rule, be 
more frequently consulted by women 
than by men. Woman has naturally 
more curiosity than man ; her own 
natural intuitions lead her in the di- 
rection of phrenology. She knows her 
little ones best, is spent, and spends 
hours with them that is not possible to 
num. On her is largely thrown the 
burden of moulding the characters of 



42 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



her children. Nevertheless, notwith- 
standing her intimate knowledge of 
the children, she finds ranch to i>erplex, 
much to explain, and in phrenology 
finds just the information she most 
needs. Woman is more observant and 
intuitive than man : she feels, and sees, 
and arrives at the truth of things, and 
gets at the heart of her little circle, 
concerning which man has done but lit- 
tle except to touch the outward fringe. 
She feels, he reasons. Woman has 
greater love for children as a rule 
than man, and is more likely than he to 
consult the phrenologist when she finds 
her own judgment at fault as to the 
best steps to take for her children's 
welfare, their management, how to 
train them, what process of education 
will be best to remedy their defects and 
fit them for the work of life, how over- 
come or counterbalance hereditary de- 
fects, develop the moral and religious 
nature and strengthen the mental, as- 
certain what their special calling 
should be, and how best to fit them for 
it. Here, again, in the exercise of 
your profession as a phrenologist you 
will find you have not entered upon 
a sinecure. The future usefulness 
and happiness of these little ones 
are in a measure in your hands. 
When possible it is advisable that a 
phrenological examination should be 
made of both parents. It will materi- 
ally help you to a fuller insight into 
the children's characters. It will do 
more, for, from tlie confidence which is 
created by a careful examination of the 
parents, will give all the more dili- 
gence to carry out your advice given 
on behalf of their children. By the 



examination of the parents as well as 
of the children, you will see how far 
the boys partake of the mother's con- 
stitution and disposition, the girls the 
father's, or wherein the children ap- 
proximate to the chai*acter of either 
parent. What are the weaknesses and 
eccentricities in the children, and in 
w^hat sense they are inherited, inten- 
sified, or modified. The knowledge 
thus gained is invaluable ; invaluable 
alike to the phrenologist, parents, and 
the children. The husband and wife 
may not understand one another as 
they should. Their individualities 
and dispositions may clash rather than 
blende They neither bear nor forbear. 
A phrenological examination will en- 
able them to realize where they are most 
likely to be inharmonious, and what 
steps they must take if they would live 
well and do well together, and have 
t^eir children well brought up by the 
greater influence of example support- 
ing precept. What is more import- 
ant still, that their unborn children 
might not inherit their "jars" and 
" cranks." You will have to advise 
young people how to make judicious 
marriages. Such marriages, to be har- 
monious and lasting, must be predi- 
cated on the approximation of moral 
and mental natures, harmony in tastes 
and pursuits, similarity of position, 
means and religious views, otherwise 
they may be slightly contrasted in or- 
ganization and tempei'ament. The 
mental temperament, seeking more 
fibre and vitality for the oflspring by 
marriage with one who has these char- 
acteristics in a larger degree. AH 
extremes and positive contrasts should 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY 



43 



be avoided. An " orderly " man and 
a " disorderly " woman, can never be 
happy. A " saving " woman and a 
" thoughtless " man, would make a bad 
pulling team for life. Where the par- 
ties are likely to dovetail in the major 
points of constitution, health, disposi- 
tion and tastes, the union will become 
as conjugall}' complete in time as the 
ossification of the frontal bone in the 
skulls of most people. 

Great judgment is required to give a 
calm and impartial decision in a mat- 
ter like this. When you, as the ex- 
aminer, are sure of the character of 
each, 3'-ou should in the discharge of 
3'our duty put all points ctf agree- 
ment and disagreement before your 
clients, leaving with them the respon- 
sibility of acting according to 3'our 
advice. In this, as in other matters, I 
only make suggestions here. Their 
practical application must depend upon 
the experience and ability which you 
will have to apprehend the natures 
and dispositions of those who call upon 
3'ou, and ^-our client's power to apply 
the advice given. 

In the examinations of the heads of 
men and women it will be found, as a 
rule, men possess characteristics purely 
niasculme, the woman those which are 
feminine. It has been observed in 
some instances that the female pos- 
sesses certain masculine traits, and 
some men the feminine ; but whether 
male or female, the character will al- 
ways con*espond with tlie organiza- 
tion and cranial development of each. 
The average size of a woman's head is 
smaller than that of man. So is her 
body smaller than that of man. In 



many instances it will be found that 
her head is relatively larger in pro- 
portion to her body than that of man. 
Also that woman's organization is the 
finer, as well as possessing a greater 
proportion of brain and nervous de- 
velopment to the size of the body, 
than in the case of her lord and master. 
There is a vulgar idea abroad that wo- 
man is inferior to man : this is a gross 
error. She may be, and is, inferior to 
man ph3'sically in some respects, and 
is thereby unfitted to do a man's work, 
or fulfil the duties of a man in his 
special province in life. It is not in- 
tended, however, that she should do 
man's work, any more than man should 
do her work and fill her position in 
life. Nevertheless, woman can run 
man very close, and beat him in most 
pursuits in life. In fact, there is but 
little man can do which a woman could 
not do better, except being a father. 
She can manage an estate, be a banker 
or a bill-broker, navigate a ship, prove 
a true physician, and is the onl}' true 
nurse ; as in physics so in law, divinitj', 
and learning she has proved herself 
man's compeer. In the true spirit of 
courage, devotion, and hero (ine) ism 
she has proved herself man's equal. Of 
course there are two sides to this as to 
all other questions. Woman is onl}- in- 
ferior to man in matters purely mascu- 
line, as man is inferior to woman in 
matters purely feminine. What a 
poor hand a man makes at womanly 
work and womanly duties if left to 
himself! Yet how indignant he would 
be, if, in consequence, he was per- 
l>etually informed he was inferior to 
woman. Is it not true that, woman 



44 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



being physically incapable of doing 
man's work, she is esteemed to be his 
inferior ? 

Men and women have their respec- 
tive spheres in nature, the boundary 
lines of which they cannot cross, any 
more than the Ethiopian can change 
his skin or the leopard his spots. 
They are essential to each other, the 
complements of each other, helpmates 
to one another, but in no sense in- 
ferior to each other. It amuses me to 
see a paper-collar nonentity selling 
stays and tape, pins and laces to a 
woman, calling himself a man, and 
declare that the sex which produced 
the mother of Christ, and Elizabeth 
Fry, a Grace Darling, a Florence 
Nightingale, anoble-souled sister Dora, 
and gentle loving mothers and sisters 
innumerable, with and without fame, 
are inferior creatures to him, because 
they don't swagger, smoke cigarettes, 
take B.-and-S., and otherwise conduct 
themselves as these " lords of crea- 
tion "do, whose opinions of woman are 
formed by the companionship, which 
they most desire to keep. 

As there are physical diflferences, 
so there are mental differences which 
distinguish the sex. Men are distin- 
guished by certain mental and physical 
characteristics which are purely mas- 
culine and not possessed by woman ; 
women are distinguished by certain 
mental and physical characteristics 
which men do not possess. Each have 
their own sphere of life and action. 
The weakness or inferiority of either 
must hinge on the answer to the ques- 
tion, Which of the two sexes most 
faithfully and admirably discharge the 



duties of their allotted spheres ? Who- 
ever reads may answer Is intuition, 
delicacy, tenderness, purity, order, 
love of offspring, educatibility, obedi- 
ence, respect for authority, love of the 
true and beautiful, the superior prerog- 
ative of man's or woman's nature? 
Has woman ever had the encourage- 
ment, kindly treatment, educational 
advantages accorded to man ? Where 
she has had such advantages has she 
not held her own percentage for per- 
centage, equalled the qualifications and 
successes of men ? She may not dig 
and build, invent and construct with 
man, for by organization and divine 
law he is to till the soil and she is to 
mother and bring up his family ; she is 
to instil her sweetness and purity into 
the minds of his — not his, but their — 
combined offspring. As a woman she 
is stronger in many characteristics 
than man, who is as a man stronger in 
many characteristics than the woman. 
That is all ; who then is the weak- 
est ? Who shall answer ? God grant 
that each man may learn to fulfil his 
allotted sphere as creditably and as 
truly as woman has shown herself 
capable of doing. Who is inferior ? 
Who shall answer ? It is an idle ques- 
tion ; the outcome of animal strength, 
brute force, and the ph3^sical domin- 
ance of man — the creature of his 
stronger passions and phj^sical 
strength, not of his better self, which 
finds in woman his other half, nor in or 
from Him who from the beginning 
made them to be one. 

IN THE CONSULTING ROOM. 

Receive visitors courteously ; hand 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



45 



them your fee list ; take the names 
and addresses of all who consult you ; 
add thereto nature of consultation and 
amount of fee paid. Place person to 
be examined in a comfortable chair; 
carefully note to the best of your ability 
general appearance, health, tempera- 
ment, and organic quality. Then 
measure the head, manipulate, and pro- 
ceed to describe character. If time 
admit of it, the head can be described 
by groups of organs — from the crown 
of the head for will, purpose, resolu- 
tion, application, or the want of these 
characteristics ; from the side head for 
hold upon life, executiveness, energy, 
and courage, or otherwise ; from the 
back head for domesticity, conjugality, 
love of home, children, sociability, af- 
fection, attachment, etc. ; from the per- 
ceptiA-es for the bases they give to 
character, how they see what their 
possessor most desires to see, capacity 
for localizing, individualizing, detect- 
ing, and discriminating; the literary 
faculties, the pursuit of knowledge, 
how used or neglected, particular 
memory and general memory, means 
of cultivation, etc., the effect of health, 
etc., and so on, until the moral and re- 
ligious and semi-refining faculties are 
included in your researches. Each 
group, according to size and position, 
describe to the best of your judgment, 
the most prominent, and therefore the 
most influential, group first. There is 
nothing like making a good hit at the 
beginning. It opens the mind of your 
patron to listen attentively, and to se- 
cure his or her attention to your sub- 
sequent advice. The examination can 
be closed ])y a resume of the whole, 



briefly pointing out the leading char- 
acteristics, strength or weakness, of the 
person examined, — making allowances 
for such combinations which seem 
necessary. The phrenologist should 
not joke, nor be familiar at any time 
with patrons. At the same time he 
should be kindly, sage, sober-minded, 
and quietly uphold the dignity and 
power of phrenology as a science by 
his discrimination, thoughtfulness, 
manner and appearance. 

The phrenologist, like the medical 
practitioner, should charge fees accord- 
ing to the position he has attained in 
the profession. It is, however, best to 
be moderate at the beginning of 
career, viz. : 2s. 6d. for a verbal con- 
sultation ; 5s. for the same, with brief 
written statement of character or 
chart ; 10s. 6d. or £1 Is. for full writ- 
ten statements, according to time 
occupied, and the size of the written 
analysis of character. If necessar}^, 
one day a week might be set aside, 
when a short verbal statement might 
be given at reduced fees. 

The consulting room should be cen- 
trally located, in a self-advertising po- 
sition. It should always be neat and 
orderly, supplied with a selected stock 
of literature on phrenology, physiology, 
and health ; with hygienic appliances, 
such as Indian clubs, dumb-bells, 
health lifts, chest expanders, etc. By 
keeping good and useful books a cor- 
rect knowledge of phrenology is dis- 
seminated, and suitable books should 
be presented to the notice and sold to 
patrons and patients after consulta- 
tion, which may be deemed most use- 
ful for them. 



46 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



PHIIENOLOGICAL QUERIES 
AND ANSWERS. 

FIFTH LECTURE. 



Some of these queries have naturally 
arisen in the minds of phrenological 
beginners when attempting to apply 
phrenology to practice, and have been 
put to me by pupils in their anxiety 
to get at practical results. I give 
them and the answers here by way of 
an appendix to " Applied Phrenol- 
ogy." 

1st query. 

Persons generally come to phrenol- 
ogists to test the science.. They are not 
willing, as a rule, to give any kind of 
information to the phrenologist, lest in 
so doing, they may afford the examiner 
some clue to their charactei*. Now, as 
education necessarily exerts a power- 
ful influence over character, how can 
its influence be determined : from or- 
ganization, temperament, or sharpness 
— pointedness — in the development of 
the phrenological organs., etc. ? 

ANSWER. 

Those who treat a phi'enologist in 
the above manner, simply exhibit ig- 
norance of the nature and character 
of the science whos« teachers or expo- 
nents they are about to consult. They 
also exhibit their own shallowness — 
self-satisfaotion — in a very readable 
manner. Most people when consult- 
ing a i>ii3^sician, or a solicitor^ — seeking 
medical or legal advice — generally 
give all the information (from their 
point of view) they can to their ad^ 
viser. In doing so, they, think they 



are acting best in their own interests. 
Phrenological clients would best con- 
sult their own interests if they would 
act in the same reasonable manner. 
If a parent would know for what his 
boy was best adapted, he would do 
well to inform the phrenologist what 
are his own views on the matter ; also 
volunteer information as to the boj^'s 
education and inclination for certain 
pursuits (if any). He might also 
with advantage inform the examiner 
about the classses of employments, 
business pursuits, and professions in 
his own neighborhood, and possible in- 
fluence of himself and friends in ob- 
taining an entrance for his child into 
one or other of them. Two things — 
the boy's education and the parents' 
influence as to selection of pursuit — 
will he important factors, in addition 
to the youth's proclivities and charac- 
ter, in enabling the conscientious prac- 
titioner in arriving at a decision. 

Education is not something added 
to the character distinct from itself. 
It is rather the innate qualities educed 
or drawn out, improved upon or oth- 
erwise by a certain course of discipline, 
and the natural growth in civilization 
of the various faculties under the 
stimulus of the senses themselves, au- 
tomatic or otherwise. Education is in 
genei*al a storing of the mind by the 
cultivation of memory — a process of 
creating striking or vivid impressions 
— which are to some extent afterward 
retained, and can be automatically 
and consciously reproduced. " Lan- 
guage " (in memory and expression) 
is drawn out, exercised or cultivated. 
The faculties of observation are ap- 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



47 



pealed to, and their attention directed 
to certain objects — organic or inor- 
ganic — ^in the world without. '' Cal- 
culation," " eventuality," " compari- 
son," and" causality," " time," " tune," 
and " constructiveness " are in time 
' brought into play. A certain amount 
of discipline is also exercised on the 
moral, social and selfish nature, gener- 
ally through " approbativeness " and 
" acquisitiveness," etc. Perhaps the 
most powerful agents of education are 
those forces of example and associa- 
tion, whether in school or out of it, 
which affect the majority through 
" imitation." 

In any case, a person can only be 
educated according to organization 
and cranial development. Such quali- 
ties as the j>erson may have can be 
called out, exercised to their fullest, 
or perverted to their lowest, according 
to the character of the education. 
Education neither adds to, nor con- 
ceals anything from, the knowledge of 
the practical phrenologist which may 
not be practically detected in the 
course of consultation. Whateverthe 
influence or effect of the education, 
unless most recent, it must be seen in 
the permanent results produced in or- 
ganization and character. 

Education or discipline has a modi- 
fying influence on innate capacity — 
character — or else the phrenological 
advice to " restrain " or " cultivate " 
would be meaningless terms. 

The stock-raiser and horse-trainer 
would not pay so much attention to 
breeding and " breaking in," had he 
not already certain good materials to 
work upon. What is this " breaking 



in " but education — ^the directing of 
the qualities or faculties the horse al- 
ready possesses, so as to make him 
more serviceable to man. No " break- 
ing in " will give breed, stamina, spirit, 
nerve, fineness of fibre, if not already 
inherent. True, lack of training or 
education will deteriorate these quali» 
ties somewhat. No amount of edu- 
cation can give capacity where it is 
not possessed, neither can it change 
inbred grain or quality. It cannot 
change a cart-horse into a race-horse. 
Although this *' breaking in," train- 
ing, education, what not, with its 
right feeding, good brushing, fair work, 
and kindness in treatment, may make 
the horse brighter, more healthy and 
useful, yet, when all is done, the cart- 
horse will still be no more than a cart- 
horse, the race-horse a race-horse. 
Neither can education change the 
Ethiopian into a Caucasian, nor either 
of them into aught else than what 
their present organization and phreno- 
logical development declare them ca- 
pable of being. 

The uneducated waif will be distin- 
guished by his appearance from the 
refined and cultured youth, and each 
from each other, by the individuality 
of their organization and cranial de- 
velopment, rather than by the scho- 
lastic attainments of the one, and the 
utter lack of these in the other. So 
5'^ou may know the true character of 
either, as you would distingui^ a 
drunken man from a sober one — not 
by what he assumes to be, or by what 
he hides, but by what he really is. 

If the organization is fine, " the or- 
gans of educatibility " — the observ- 



48 



PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 



ing, literary, reasoning, and intuitive 
faculties — favorably developed, " con- 
scientiousness," " acquisitiveness," 
" constructiveness," " continuity," with 
the semi-refining and aspiring faculties 
sufficiently influential, you can pro- 
nounce with certainty as to the influ- 
ence of education. If certain organs 
are more fully developed than others, 
" locality " or *' causality," for in- 
stance, should they present sharpness 
or pointedness, it will indicate that 
their development has been more re- 
cent than that of other organs. 
Roundness, fulness, and smoothness 
are generally indicative of normal 
growth. Exercise your judgment upon 
careful examination. * 

I understand, generally speaking, 
education to mean primary, secondary, 
and higher class scholastic training, 
which is obtainable at our private and 
public schools, academies, colleges, 
and universities throughout the coun- 
try ; but whether in this sense, or in a 
broader one, my answer is sufficiently 
full for practical purposes. I may 
add that, in girls under 11, and boys 
under 14, years of age, the influence 
of education in the foregoing sense 
will be quite appreciable in cranial 
formation as well as in that " lighting 
up " of the physiognomy which dis- 
tinguishes the apt lad from the dull- 
ard. The influence of education at 
school, and its further development by 
trade, occupation, pursuit, and habit, 
is more detectable in woman and in 
man than in childhood. The phreno- 
logical development, build, physiog- 
nomical expression of head and face 
are then more definite. Educational 



influences — i. e., scholastic training — 
are most marked in those organiza- 
tions which are fine in quality, full in 
the frontal cerebral lobes, where the 
mental temperament, in some of its 
forms presents itself. In a word, 
where there are brains to educate, 
they can be educated ; and, if edu- 
cated, the influence, and presence of 
such influence, are discernible in " con- 
tour and quality," and readily inter- 
preted by the phrenologist. 

In practice, skilful observation of 
head and face, mannerism, ease, grace, 
correctness or otherwise of speech, are 
all worthy of consideration in estimat- 
ing the influence of education. Such 
indications are not to be despised, even 
if their observation savor of common- 
place. The influence of education is, 
therefore, discernible in organization, 
phrenological development, physiog- 
nomy, and manners. 

2nd query. 

In taking the measurement of the 
head, how should a chart be marked, 
if the measurement one way is not in 
proportion to measurements another 
way ? You say, "The average size of 
the male head is 22 inches in circum- 
ference, with length and coronal height 
about 14 J inches. This size I should 
mark in register 4, or average 22^, 
with corresponding length and height. 
I should mark 5, or full." But sup- 
pose there is not " corresponding 
length and height," how do you man- 
age then ? Do you make allowances 
for these ilifferences in marking the 
register, or no ? 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



49 



ANSWER. 

Yes, always ! Marking charts, in 
my private opinion, as far as the pub- 
lic are concerned, is comparatively of 
little scientific value. You can only 
at best mark that which approximates 
to your conception of the truth, as no 
two heads are exactly alike ; the mark- 
ing of certain stereotyped phrases 
(however good and explanatory) can 
never be satisfactory. It is useful 
simply as an aid to the memory of the 
person whose head has been examined, 
and to the phrenologist, in that it 
takes far less time to mark than it 
would to write a careful and accurate 
analysis of character. 

When marking your chart take into 
consideration, as much as possible, 
" future conditions " as well " as pres- 
ent development," and mark to en- 
courage development of character, so 
that each trait, strength or weakness, 
may stand out clear to the person's 
mind who seeks your phrenological 
aid. Be particular to show clearly 
what you want cultivated or re- 
strained, in order to perfect character 
within the limits of the possible ca- 
pacity of the individual. 

Where it can be done, always advise 
your patrons to have a written state- 
ment. Recommend . it not only as an 
aid to their memory, but as being less 
liable to misinterpretation and con- 
tradictory statements than the mark- 
ings on a chart sometimes suggest. 
Your aim in marking a chart is to 
give as accurate a delineation of char- 
acter as the cijcumstances will admit. 
Absolute correctness in every particu- 
lar is not claimed, neither is it possi- 1 



ble, and short of a written statement, 
due allowance, in every case, must be 
made to the examiner and the exam- 
ined. It is well to accustom yourself 
to writing " Summaries of Character," 
and " Full written Analysis of Char- 
acter." As I have hinted elsewhere, 
write as you would speak ; use no 
physiological, anatomical and phre- 
nological technicalities which can be 
avoided. Remember, you write to 
give information and help — help to aid 
the boy to be a man, the man to be the 
better man, and both how to occupy 
their truest and best sphere in life with 
honor and credit to themselves. 

In conclusion, as to these chart 
markings, write down whatever you 
consider is truest to the character of 
the person examined. Remember, you 
are dealing with " variable quantities " 
and not " mathematical certainties." 
When you find 4^ fails to express your 
meaning, -a^cZ 5 does^ use 5. Thus a 
22 inch brain, with 5 or 6 in quality, 
5 or 6 in activity and excitability, 
standing 6 mental, 5 vital, and 5 mo- 
tive temperaments, if 4 or average, as 
applied to size of brain, does not (for 
instance with L. N. Fowler's Self-in- 
structor) fully represent its power, 
write 5 if that would be the truest ap- 
proximation. It is, however, best not 
to suppose cases; when actual ones 
come before you, act according to your 
best judgment. You cannot do better. 

Written and purely verbal descrip- 
tions of character are best. Marked 
charts and registers have done more to 
bring phrenology into disrepute than 
anything else 1 know of, save the 
downright ignorance of the whole 



5) 



PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 



science exhibited by those so-called 
^' professors " and perambulating phre- 
nological quacks who so much dis- 
credit phrenology throughout the 
country. 

3rd query. 

Excitability and activity : — Is sharp- 
ness of features and form, an unfailing 
measure of excitability, or length of 
features, of activity ? 

ANSWER. 

No, to the former part of this ques- 
tion ; yes, as a rule, to the latter. Ex- 
citability, intense susceptibility, or 
sensitiveness, with or without health, 
is one of the conditions found in con- 
nection with a fine or delicate organi- 
zation having a predominance of brain 
and nerve, as in the mental tempera- 
ment. Activity, sprightliness, and 
vivacity, are more frequently indica,ted 
by a healthy vital-mental, mental- 
vital, and mental-motive.organization, 
than by any other temperamental com- 
bination. In the sense that a grey- 
hound is more active than a bull-dog, 
a race-horse than a cart-horse, length 
or slimness indicates activit}^ Never- 
theless, persons can be tall and slim 
and heart-lazy. Little people, as a 
rule, are more active than big folk, for 
the reason that the nerve currents 
travel more rapidly in small and fine 
organizations tlian in large and coarse 
ones. 

4th QUERY. 

What is your opinion of the use of 
calipers, phreno-physiomctcrs, and of 



mathematical measurements such as 
suggested by Stratton, as aids in ar- 
riving at character ? 

ANSWER. 

All of these are valuable enough 
with certain gentlemen who delight in 
the pedantry of phrenology ; they are 
amused thereby, and their interest in 
phrenology sustained. I do not know 
that they are any the more able to 
read character in consequence — if, in- 
deed, they are not somewhat misled by 
these means. If all brains were of 
the same qualit}?^, texture, health, etc., 
their use might be more valuable. I 
do not despise their use. Stratton's 
" Mathematics of Phrenology " are in- 
teresting, his methods of measure- 
ment ingenious, and his conclusions 
go a long way to prove what he 
wished to prove. Still I am not sat- 
isfied. I don't think the soul of man 
can be pinned in a corner like that, 
and photographed to a hair's-breadth 
by any such methods. Where the eye 
and hand of the intelligent practical 
phrenologist fail, I am afraid calipers 
and phreno-physiometers will not be 
able to succeed. The author of " The 
Philosophy of Phrenology " says," The 
eye and hand are better measurers 
both of form and size than calipers or 
any other instrument, and should be 
made to supersede ever}^ such instru- 
ment." With this I cordially agree. 

5th query. 

Is it possible for a person to have a 
perfectly healthy brain and yet be id- 
iotic or insane ? 



PHREmiOGY MADE EASY. 



51 



ANSWER. 

You can ha^^e a perfectly healthy 
brain in which idiocy is manifested. 
It may be large or small, but it must 
be bad in form, low in quality, coarse 
in structure, or possess some serious 
organic defect, to be idiotic. In mon- 
omania or insanity, disease is always 
present — disease which not only affects 
tlie brain, but may include the whole 
organization. In the former, imper- 
fect activity of one or two organs ; in 
the latter, intense activity and the 
actual formation of lesions or tumors 
on the brain, will be at the basis of 
the mental derangement whatever it 
may be. Fifty per cent, of all cases 
of monomania or hallucination should 
be curable within an early period, and 
25 per cent, of all cases of insanity 
within twelve months of the date of 
erratic manifestation. Beyond that 
period the percentage of recoveries be- 
come "small by degrees and beauti- 
fully less," as the physical and patho- 
logical conditions causing the disease 
become confirmed. I think the per- 
centage of recoveries is exceedingly 
small compared to what it should be, 
owing to the insanity of the authori- 
ties,— herding the insane in vast asy- 
lums; treating them in groups, in- 
stead of phrenologically as individuals, 
each case on its own merits, and thus 
liasten their recovery. Thousands 
suffering from mere delusions and 
harmletis fancies, fine-grained and finc- 
I trained individuals, are incarcerated 
nunually. Many of these are driven 
into actual insanity by the psycholog- 
ical laws of asBociatioa and the med- 



ical treatment— or, rather, want of it 
— which such huge concerns must 
necessarily entail. An idiot may have 
a perfectly healthy brain, but to one 
that is insane, health of brain, or of 
body for that matter, is an impossibil- 
ity. 

6th query. 

If a brain measures 22^ inches first 
circumference measurement, and 23^ 
in second circumference measurement 

-the first being taken with tape 
around the head at "individuality" 
and over " parental love," the second 
over " comparison " and " continuity " 
— these measurements indicating more 
the theoretical than the practical tal- 
ent (page 22), would not the individ- 
ual, in the direct exercise of the per- 
ceptives, evince as much power as one 
whose head measures 22^ in the first, 
and 22 inches in the second measure- 
ment ? That is to say, would his per- 
ceptions of " size," " weight," " color," 
etc., be as correct as one whose brain 
measured the same in the perceptive 
brain fibre, but less in the reflective ? 

ANSWER. 

In theory, it is possible to imagine 
that the individual, in the direct exer- 
cise of the perceptive faculties, should 
evince as much power as another with 
the same perceptive power but less in 
the rcflectives. But, as a matter of 
fact, persons so organized do not exer- 
cise that direct scrutiny and observa- 
tion of external things — form, size, 
color, etc. — as to arrive? at as correct 
conception as the one actually more 



52 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY 



alert in his perceptives and not over- 
weighted in his reflectives, as in this 
case. The principle of size is opposed 
to the idea that he is at all likely to 
indulge in the direct exercise of the 
perceptive faculties. Lord Bacon was 
a man of large brain, possessing a very 
high development of the reflective or- 
gans, but his judgment was by no 
means sound where it depended upon 
his perceiving correctly, collecting cor- 
rect data from personal observation. 
It could not be said his perceptives 
were defective, for the just and prop- 
er reason they were not defective ; but 
his large and powerful reasoning fac- 
ulties led to their own pre-occupation 
and natural exercise according to their 
size, to the exclusion of that direct 
perception which is referred to in the 
question. 

It is not a fortunate type of brain 
to have one inch greater in the reflec- 
tive than in the perceptive, as in this 
case : it is not favorable to scientific 
or exact observation. In many in- 
stances it must lead to fine-spun theo- 
ries on sufficient data, and to too much 
of the metaphysical and transcenden- 
tal vaporings, veritable " castles in 
the air," which of late have become so 
fashionable. 
! It is natural to look in a well-bal- 
anced head for a well-balanced judg- 
ment. Such a head referred to would 
not be of a class favorable to sound 
judgment in the matter of mere ob- 
servation. It is one more likely to 
manifest absentmindedness than alert- 
ness in the ordinary affairs of life. 
Nevertheless, such a person might 
be highly philosophical, an eminent 



theologian, moralist, bi-metallist, a 
peace-society man, a sniffer of the east 
wind of all ologies, an eminent parti- 
san, but not a man to deal practically 
with things as they are. He again 
might see, " in the direct exercise of 
the perceptive faculties," as correctl}^ 
as the other to whom you refer, but he 
could not think the same, and in prac- 
tice he would act differently, which 
would amount to the same thing 
in the end, i. e., the application of 
his observation : he would see differ- 
ently. 

When a man is found who has just 
discovered perpetual motion, and who 
assures you he is about to complete a 
machine to demonstrate his discovery, 
see if you cannot find in his coggly top 
story the only machine you are ever 
likely to see. It must be remembered 
such comparisons between two imag- 
inary heads are not profitable, unless 
indeed it be to excite the faculties of 
observation when real cases occur, and 
to perceive the relative size of organs in 
the same head. In comparing two heads, 
there are so many things — other things 
— to be taken into consideration ; 
quality, health, temperament, youth, 
age, vitality, activity, excitability — 
that any judgment predicated on mere 
size would neither be physiological 
nor phrenological. * To put the whole 
matter into a nutshell, suppose that 
" other things being equal," and thus 
comparing two heads, on safe grounds, 
I am not disposed to answer your 
question in the affirmative, as the 
character of each, based on these 
measurements, would be totally op- 
posed to their looking at them in a 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



53 



similar manner ; their deductions also 
would be dissimilar. 

7 th query. 

How is it that practical phrenolo- 
gists express themselves so differently 
in the examination of the same head ? 

ANSWER. 

Phrenological examinations will 
vary according to the individual, and 
the person giving the examination is 
differently constituted from another 
phrenologist examining the same 
head ; and the opinions expressed by 
each phrenologist will be differently 
expressed, according to their knowl- 
edge of the science, their power of ap- 
plying it, and ability to express them- 
selves. This is but natural. Phre- 
nologists are not exempted by the 
science of phrenology, nor by their art 
of applying it, from the overshadow- 
ing law of humanity — viz., difference 
of organization, brain power, intellect- 
ual and moral culture and general ca- 
pacity. This does not mean that one 
phrenologist should give a character 
essentially different from that of 
another. They must agree on all sa- 
lient points, although their modes of 
examination and power of expressing 
themselves must be somewhat differ- 
ent. If there is an objection in this, 
the same objection must apply to med- 
icine, law, divinity, or to the physical 
sciences. If one phrenologist should 
declare a person had remarkable in- 
sight, penetration, force of character, 
and a well-balanced mind, and another 



was to declare that the person was a 
dullard, deficient of insight, lacking 
penetration, wanting in force of char- 
acter, a nonenity, either one of them 
must be lacking not only the qualifica- 
tions essential to make a good phre- 
nologist, but have a very limp ac- 
quaintance with the science of which 
he professes to be a student. No such 
difference of opinion would be possible 
was a scientific knowledge of phrenol- 
ogy the basis of their opinions. Then 
they would agree, the only difference 
being in their power to give a just and 
full meaning to the signs discovered. 
In my opinion the differences of opin- 
ion amongst phrenologists are more 
apparent than real, arising from their 
individual application of the science, 
not from their inability to apply it. 
One has a lucid manner, another full 
and verbose, another terse and con- 
tracted, and so on ; but all agree on 
salient points, while their modes of 
expression var3^ 

Now that the British Phrenological 
Association is fully established, its lec- 
turers, examiners, and teachers will, in 
all probability, adopt a more uniform 
method of procedure, which might pre- 
sent some advantages. B ut no amount 
of uniformity can obscure individual- 
ity, latent tact, or special power. 
Churches have attempted this and 
failed; trade unions have tried it to 
their disaster; while it has ever been, 
and will be, the weak point in com- 
munism and all social movements 
based on an imperfect knowledge of 
what equality and uniformity truly 
means. The most perfect unity and 
harmony, is ever found in variety. 



rBRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



This is Nature's law, and must be 
right. As phrenologists differ in char- 
acter, abilit}^, and powers of expres- 
sion, so will their manner and style of 
discerning character, making deduc- 
tions therefrom, giving suitable advice, 
be different. 

8th query. 

It appears to me that in examining 
heads the greatest difficulty is not so 
much measurements as to ascertain 
the entire leading or sum of the char- 
acter, from combining the various fac- 
ulties. It seems to me a man with 
large benevolence and equally large 
acquisitiveness, would not be so gen- 
erous as one having large benevolence 
only. Is that so ? 

ANSWER. 

It is true that men like Eustace or 
Gosse may give freely and fully, hav- 
ing large sympathies and powerful 
feelings of reverence, spirituality, and 
generosity, and comparatively little of 
what is called acquisitiveness. But, 
lacking the latter, they would be more 
benevolent, I deny. They might give 
more foolishly, freely, and sympathet- 
ically, I admit ; thereby gratifying the 
feeling or impulse of benevolence. 
Acquisitiveness is as essential to per- 
sonal generosity as it is to common- 
sense. It is absolutely requisite to 
true giving ; it knows the value of 
getting. 

As a student of phrenology, it is 
requisite that you should understand 
the location and function of each indi- 



vidual organ so far as these have been 
discovered. Next, view them in com- 
bination, and their effect in combina- 
tion or character. I take this to be 
your meaning. Elsewhere I have di- 
vided the head into three regions, and 
these regions into sub-divisions. Now, 
if any of these regions predominate, 
it is an easy matter to estimate its in- 
fluence on character. It will predom- 
inate. Benevolence is a sentiment > 
acquisitiveness is less a sentiment than 
a propensity. When both are large, 
acquisitiveness will rob benevolence of 
its softness, not sense. Benevolence 
will take the crashness and meanness 
out of the mere desire to acquire, and 
give at least one useful outlet for its 
acquisitions. John Bright was large 
in benevolence, also large in acquisi- 
tiveness. He did not scatter like a 
prodigal, nor gather like a miser or a 
fool. The intellectual character, for 
instance, will be affected as the observ- 
ing, knowing, or reflective faculties are 
in the ascendant; whether the moral 
region is strong or weak, the social or 
domestic region less or more powerful. 
No mere supposing of cases will be 
helpful ; nothing but practice and ex- 
perience will' do in the consulting- 
room. It is for this reason, more than 
any other, a phrenologist should l>o 
endowed with special gifts for his call- 
ing ; and not the least of these is sa- 
gacity, natural intellectual abilit}-, in- 
tuition, and keen powers of observa- 
tion, thoughtfulness, and judgment. 
Some hints can be obtained from a 
teacher of experience, and some use- 
ful suggestions may be found in most 
of our text books. 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



9th query. 

It has been stated that children's 
heads are larger in ithe perceptive than 
in the reflective organs. My observa- 
tions do not confirm this. If we say 
the perceptives are the most active, 
are we right ? Is the apparent defi- 
ciency due to the frontal sinus being 
undeveloped ? Does the foregoing af- 
fect the usual measurements ? Is there 
an}' special method adopted in the 
measurement and examination of the 
heads of children? Should we give 
advice in ver^^ young children as to 
the " choice of pursuits ? " 

ANSWER. 

In the majority of cases the per- 
ceptive faculties are larger in children 
than the reflective. They are always 
more active than the reflective. Chil- 
dren learn to see and to distinguish 
one object from another, one person 
from another, before they can be said 
to think or reason. Not that they do 
not think in their little way. Uni- 
versally you will find that the lan- 
guage of childhood corresponds with 
the development and activity of the 
perceptives : " Let me see," " Where 
is it?" "Oh,see!'» *' Come and see," 
" What's this ? " and " What for ? " are 
common modes of expression. Some 
children being more observant and 
sharper than others, their language, 
actions and mannerisms will corre- 
spond therewith. The absence of the 
frontal sinus in children certainly does 
make some slight diflerence in the 
formation of the head, and oon.stitutes 



somewhat to the apparent deficiency 
spoken of The absence of the sinus 
enables us the more accurately to ob- 
serve the form of the brain. The 
character of the children will corre- 
spond to that form, and the varjing 
shades of that form in the course of 
brain development and cranial growth. 

The perceptive organs are all small, 
but are kept in constant activity 
(where there is sight) from the cradle 
to the grave. They are more fully sup- 
plied with nerve cells, nerve fibres, and 
infinitely smaller arteries, than the 
larger organs which are brought into 
play afterward. These (the perce})- 
tive organs) are most active in children, 
some of whose days are passed in see- 
ing and wanting to see wonder after 
wonder in this world of wonders to 
them. 

The mental operations of childhood 
are those of observation — memory of 
the observed and heard, and compari- 
son of the same ; imitation, or en- 
deavor to reproduce the same ; imag- 
ination, or the mental reproduction of 
what it has seen, heard, or imper- 
fectly realized, etc., variously modified. 
The mental progress of unfoldment 
conforms to the phrenological develop- 
ment. It is only in a less degree the 
child is the man. It observes, reasons, 
and reflects according to brain ca- 
pacity, size, or development, brain 
quality, fineness, density, weight, and 
activity. The child sees, hears, and 
thinks. It detects sounds, and dis- 
tinguishes lights and shadows ; detects 
familiar objects and expressions at n 
very early period. Its faculties of ob- 
serviitiou are engrossed by object les- 



56 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



sons in everything by which it is sur- 
rounded. It keenly notices, greedily 
listens, remembers, and repeats. All 
this world is for it a veritable wonder- 
land — a place of fairies. It dreads the 
strange, and is drawn by the known 
and loved ; and all these things pri- 
marily excite into activity the per- 
ceptive faculties, and in a minor de- 
gree the reasoning and imaginative fac- 
ulties. It wants to see more. Not 
only is this so, but where children 
show the least aptitude for noticing, 
the}^ are drawn out upon all occasions 
by parents, guardians, and friends. 
So, with the exception of ^' alimentive- 
ness " (and the automatic action of 
certain organs — nerve centres — not 
adequately known, but localized in the 
base of the brain), the perceptive or- 
gans are the most active in childhood, 
the first matured in manhood, and al- 
most the first to show decline in old 
age. Next to the perceptive organs in 
childhood, " comparison " and " event- 
uality " are correspondingly active. 
Higher up " imitation " and" wonder " 
come into play. Then " ideality " 
with " comparison ; " " imitation " with 
"comparison." Below " comparison," 
" eventuality " bulges out the fore- 
head, and gives that rotund form to 
the forehead above the perceptives 
wbich gives the impression that the re- 
flectives are relatively larger than the 
perceptives. It does appear to me 
that in babyhood and in childhood, 
eventuality occupies the major portion 
of the forehead, and that the organs of 
comparison and causality — especially 
the latter — do not fully come into play 
until the forehead rises and expands 



more fully in the superior region. The 
love and trust of childhood are colored 
largely by its posterior brain, in which 
parental love occupies a similar posi- 
tion to that of eventuality in the an- 
terior brain. Childhood reflects, but 
not in that sense or in any form which 
shows that the reflectives are larger 
than the perceptives. You will notice 
the growth of childhood's powers is 
something like this. Automatic and 
instinctive ; " alimentiveness ; " the no- 
ticing and detecting familiar sounds ; 
observing more fully ; attempting 
to reproduce familiar sounds ; en- 
dearments, exhibiting a desire to 
possess ; memory and " comparison ; " 
attachment, " comparison " and " imi- 
tation," desire for notice and endear- 
ment, talent," causality," and " appro- 
bativeness " budding forth — especially 
the latter — the back head being larger 
than the front head. 

As to measurements, I do not think 
you will find upon more careful obser- 
vation anything to alter the propor- 
tionate measurements. In some in- 
stances you may find eventuality and 
comparison larger than the percep- 
tives. In such cases, you will find im- 
aginative and inaccurate representa- 
tions of things observed according as 
these organs may be influenced. 

I apply the same measurements to 
childhood as I do to the health}^ adult, 
bearing in mind that the texture of the 
brain in childhood is not so confirmed 
as in later life ; also what is most 
likely to be exercised according to the 
foregoing. 

As to advice about " choice of pur- 
suits," it is best to be guided by indi- 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



57 



vidua! cases. As a rule, advice for 
l)hysical culture, health, and upbring- 
ing till seven ; best of school training 
and discipline up till 12 to 14 years, 
with hints as to pui'suits ; the educa- 
tional training to be in the direction 
of the pursuits, and from 12, or there- 
about, on the " choice of pursuits " in 
a more definite form. As the child is 
father of the man, some will have a 
decided predilection for some things, 
others no special leaning. According 
to your ability advise and aid the par- 
ents to a wise selection. 

As an aid in giving advice upon 
" choice of pursuits," you would do 
well to know something of the parents' 
circumstances, means for education 
and preferment at their disposal ; the 
nature of local enterprises and oppor- 
tunities in district for affording em- 
ployment. You may • know what a 
person can do : by the above aid j^ou 
may know where he can do it. This 
has been, in a measure, replied to un- 
der the 1st question. 

10th query. 

What are the best busts and books 
for students of phrenology ? What is 
the best way to get into practice ? 

ANSWER. 

I have indicated in " Practical 
Phrenology " the busts and books. 
For beginners I would recommend 
Fowler's china bust, " Key " or" Reg- 
ister," and his '' Self-instructor," 
'' Works and Lectures," and Story's 



" Manual of Phrenology." For more 
advanced pupils, Nicholas Morgan's 
bust, and the plaster model of the 
human skull, both recently published 
by Vago, their respective kej^s, the 
foregoing works, and Dr. Donovan's 
" Handbook of Phrenology,"" Combe's 
Works," and an Art and Science 
Course in Physiology and Anatomy ; 
reading and study should be accom- 
panied by practice. 

For professional examiners, the 
largest possible acquaintance with the 
literature of their profession, and 
" current events," will form a good 
liberal education, and inspired by an 
humble devotion to understand and 
ennoble human nature, and attach- 
ment to their work, will be certain to 
provide plenty of opportunities of 
testing the science in public and pri- 
vate. 

The best way to. get into practice, is 
to practice freely as an amateur, giv- 
ing delineations where and when pos- 
sible. In this way a certain amount 
of proficiency in observation, manipu- 
lation, deduction, and expression is in- 
sured. Another method is, to become 
for a time an assistant to some well- 
known examiner. 

In conclusion, it is essential, how- 
ever well-educated the phrenological 
aspirant may be, nothing short of a 
good, practical course " by the living 
voice " — demonstration — will be of 
real service to him ; with this a pro- 
fessional career is only a matter of 
time. 



V 



58 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 




IDEATION 

GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



The Brain is the chief organ of the 
mind. The body as a whole mani- 
fests mind. As is brain and body, 
or organization, so is mind. 

The Brain " is not a simple unit, bnt a 
collection of many peculiar in- 
struments," called organs or cen- 
tres. Neither is the mind a unit, 
but the sum of many faculties. 

The Brain is subject to growth, the 
mind is subject to develoi">ment. 
Arrested growth in the <m& means 
imperfect development of the 
other, contrariwise, otherwise, etc. 

The Skull in life as perfectly conforms 
anatomically to the formation of 

Note.— The Organs— centres— are all double, 
each faculty of the mind havinp; two lyiuK at cor- 
responding locations in the cerebral hemispheres. 
The above ideal map presenting those of tlie right 
hemisphere of the cerebrum and cerebellum only. 



the brain as bark to a tree 
or skin to the hand. The 
size, form, and power of 
the brain can be thor- 
oughl}^ gauged by the ex- 
amination of the skull. 
The Body in life, in color, size, 
form and texture, adequ- 
ately presents the health, 
quality, and physiological 
traits likely to modify the 
manifestations of mind as 
indicated by the skull. 
There are no manifestations of 
mind without their physi- 
cal correlatives. Some 
minds are dominated by 
the body ; are creatures of 
passion, impulse, appetite, 
and sense. In others the 
mind is supreme, the bodily influ- 
ences being subordinate ; that is, 
under the direction of the mind. 
To read character, it is necessary to 
take into consideration the Brain, 
the organs or centres, their size, 
function, and combination, the 
quality of organization as a 
whole, and the influence of health, 
temperament, and education. 
Exclude the foregoing from any sys- 
tem of mental science, and it is 
impossible for the mind to be in- 
vestigated or human character 
made possible of analysis. 

LOCATION AND DEFINITION OF PHRENO- 
CENTRES. 

1. — Doniestic Feelings or Propensities. 

These are common to man and an- 
imals, the Phreno-centres of which 
are located in the cerebolhnn and pos- 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



59 



terior lohos of the cerebrum. Their 
■width and fulness give corresponding 
conformation to the cranium in the 
occiput. 

See Nunlhers : — 

1. — Amative Centre — (Motor Centre of Co- 
ordination) — In- 
stinct of sexual 
love, affection. 

A. — Pairing " Conjugal love, one- 

ness of affection 

2. — Parental " Desire for and love 

of offspring and 
all young. 

3. — Gregarious " Friendship, sociabil- 

ity, gregarious- 



4. — Inhabitive 



5. — Concentrative " 



Love of home and 
country. 

Continuity, applica- 
tion, consecu- 
tiveness. 



SELF-PROTECTIVE FEELINGS OR SENTI- 
MENTS. 

These are common to man and some 
animals, and are located in the parietal 
and temporal lobes of the cerebrum. 
Their form and size give width to the 
cranium at the parietal walls ; super- 
ior, anterior, and posterior to the 
meatus audit us. 

E. — Vitative Centre — Disease and Death-re- 
sisting instinct — 
love of life. 

6. — Combative " Prompts to resistance, 
defence, courage. 

7. — Executive " (Motor centre of 
Energy) — Resist- 
ance, Execwtive- 
ness. 

8. — Alimeutive " (Motor centre of 
Taste) — Appetite 
for food, etc. 



9. — Acquisitive " (Motor centre of Pre- 
hension) — Desire 
to get, economy. 

10.— Secretive " (Motor centre of Hear- 
ing) — Conceal-* 
ment of thought, 
self restraint, pol- 
icy. 

11. — Wat<ihful " Cautiousness, guard- 
edness, appreben- 
siveness of conse- 
quences. 

//. — Self-Regarding Sentiments or 
Egotistic Feelings. 

These centres are located in the su- 
perior and coronal convolutions of the 
cerebrum, and give height and fulness 
to the cranium. 

12. — Approbative Centre. — Regard for the 

opinion of 
others, de- 
sire for ap- 
proval, love 
of praise. 

13. — Self- respective " A proper appre- 
ciation of 
self, self- 
respect, dig- 
nity. 

14. — Self-assertive " (Motor centre 

of Locomo- 
tion) — Per- 
se V e ranee, 
will, deci.s- 
ion of char- 
acter. 

///. — Moral and Spiritual Sentiments, 
or Feelings jyroper to Man. 

These centres are located in the su- 
perior coronal regions of the brain. 
Tlunr full development gives corre- 
sponding conformation to the cranium. 



60 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 




15. — Justice Centre. — Seutiment of right, 




of the beau- 


conscientiousness, 




tiful, poetic, 


respect for the 




sense and 


rights of others. 




enj oyment 


16.— Hope " Anticipation of good, 




o f perfec- 


fai th , expectation . 




tion. 


17.— Spirituality " Belief in the unseen. 


226.— Sublime " 


(Ferrier's centre 


love of the mar- 




of forearm) 


velous, the occult. 




—Love of 


18. — Veneration " Respect for authority, 




the terrific, 


regard for great- 




maj estic. 


ness seen and un- 




grand, and 


seen, worship- 




vast in na- 


ping instinct. 




ture. 


(Veneration, Hope, and Spirituality 


22.— Imitative 


Faculty of men- 


combined give origin to religion. Their 


. -^ 


tal repro- 


perversion promotes the follies of su- 




d u c t i n, 


perstition and the vagaries of modern 




mimicry, 


occultism and spiritism, etc.) 




aptitude. 


19. — Sympathetic Centre. — Sentiments of 




alertness to 


generous instincts. 




copy. 


sympathy, kind- 


23.— Mirth Loving " 


Sense of humor- 


ness. 




ous and the 
1 u d 1 c rous. 


IV. — Semi-Intellectual Feelings or 




fun, wit, 


Sentiments. 




f a c e t i ous- 


These are proper to man, and are 




ness. 


expressive of mental forces which are 


INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 


not purely intellectual on the one 


V. — The Senses — Feeling or touch, 


hand, neither are they mere feelings 


taste, smell, hearing. 


and sight, place 


or instincts on the other. They are 


man in sensuous communication with 


located in the superior temporal and 


the external world and his fellows. 


parietal lobes of the brain. Their full 






development gives extension to the 


THE PERCEPTIVE 


CENTRES. 


cranium in the superior anterior re- 


VI. — The Perceptive Centres (pos- 


gions. 


sessed by animals relatively inferior 




in power and manifestation to man) 


20.— Constructive Centre.— (This should be 


are located in man in 


the inferior an- 


classified as 
an instinct) 
— Desire to 


terior cerebral lobes. 


The full devel- 


opment gives width and fulness to the 


make, con- 


lower forehead. 




struct, put 


I. — Individualizing Centre. — The desire to 


together. 




perceive. 


21.— Ideal ** (Ferrier's centre 




see, pick 


of head and 




o u t, to 


eyes)— Love 




observe. 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



61 



F. — Form ** Sense of con- 

fig u r a- 
t i o n, 
memory 
of faces, 
looks, 
p e rsons, 
etc. 
S. —Size ' * Perception of 

divergen- 
c i e s in 
quantity, 
adjec- 
tives, 
large, 
small, 
moderate, 
etc. 
W. — Weight Centre. — (Connected with the 
cerebellum) — Per- 
ception of disfauces, 
desire to balance, 
control of motion. 
" Sense of color, dis- 

cernment and love 
of color. 
" Perception of method , 

education, order and 
system. 



C— Color 



0— Order 



VIL — Literary Centres, or Know- 
ing Faculties. 
These centres are for the manifesta- 
tion of those faculties of the human 
mind which perceive the relations of 
external objects. They are located 
midway between the centres of the 
l)erceptivc and the reasoning faculties. 
Their full development gives width 
and fulness to the centre forehead. 

(\ — Calculation Centre. — Perception of num- 
bers, talent for 
reckoning. 
The geographical and 
traveling instinct, 
recollection of 
place, positiou. 



L. — Localizing 



E. — Eventuality " The historical and 

traditional in- 
stinct, "What our 
fathers did," 
memory of events 
and facts. 

33.— Time " Sense of the lapse 

of moments, in- 
tervals, when, 
dates. 

34. — Tune " Sense of harmoni- 

ous sounds,music. 

L.— Language " "The gift of 

tongues," the 
faculty of reduc- 
ing thoughts to 
words, speech. 

VIII. — TliE REASONING CENTRES. 

These are the faculties of the human 
mind which compare, judge and dis- 
criminate. It may be said they are 
not common to animals, but are com- 
mon to man. The centres of these 
faculties are located in the superior 
anterior brain. Their full develop- 
ment gives fulness and width to the 
upper forehead. 

36. — Causality Centre. — "Traces the depend- 
ences of phe- 
nomena, and the 
relation of cause 
and effect," think- 
ing and origin- 
ality. 

37. — Comparison ** The mental faculty of 
discernment and 
inference. It dis- 
cerns analogies, 
resemblances, and 
differences. 

C. — Intuitive " Spiritual and sa- 
gacious discern- 
ment of mental 
and moral pow- 
ers. 

/>.— Suavity " (ieuialty, blandness, 

pleasantness. 



G2 



PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 



No attempt has been made to ac- 
curately class the various centres. 
The above is, as all claaeification must 
be, an approximation. Phreno-centres, 
related to each other in function, are 
grouped together in the brain ; but, 
even in this grouping, they insensibly 
impinge pn one another — influence one 
another. 

In like manner do the faculties of 
the mind combine. Thus for Memory, 



Will, and Judgment, there are no ex- 
ternal signs. These are qualities of 
the mind which depend for their mani- 
festation on certain combinations of 
the faculties. The tyro in phrenology 
ma}^ call Eventuality the organ of 
memory, Firmness the organ of will. 
Causality the organ of judgment. 
These are gross errors, into which no 
educated phrenologist would fall, and 
in expression carefully avoid. 



TttE END. 



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